Circadian binding activity of AP-1, a regulator of the arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase gene in the rat pineal gland, depends on circadian Fra-2, c-Jun, and Jun-D expression and is regulated by the clock's zeitgebers.
Fabienne Guillaumond,D. Sage,Paule Deprez,Olivier Bosler,Denis Becquet,Anne-Marie François-Bellan +5 more
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Data show that pineal AP‐1 binding activity, which results from Fra‐2 expression, can be modulated by light and serotonin through the suprachiasmatic nucleus according to a “phase dependence” that is characteristic of the rhythm of clock sensitivity to both zeitgebers.Abstract:
The daily rhythm in circulating melatonin is driven by a circadian rhythm in the expression of the arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase gene in the rat pineal gland. Turning off expression of this gene at the end of night is believed to involve inhibitory transcription factors, among which Fos-related antigen 2 (Fra-2) appears as a good candidate. Circadian rhythms in the expression of three proteins of activating protein-1 (AP-1) complexes, namely, Fra-2, c-Jun, and Jun-D, are shown here to account for circadian variations in AP-1 binding activity. Quantitative variations in the Fra-2 component over the circadian cycle were associated with qualitative variations in protein isoforms. Destruction of the suprachiasmatic nucleus resulted in decreased nocturnal AP-1 activity, showing that AP-1 circadian rhythm is driven by this nucleus. Exposure to light during subjective night and administration of a serotonin 5-HT1A/5-HT7 receptor agonist during subjective day, respectively, induced a 50% decrease and a 50% increase in both AP-1 and Fra-2 expression. These effects were impaired by suprachiasmatic nucleus lesions. These data show that pineal AP-1 binding activity, which results from Fra-2 expression, can be modulated by light and serotonin through the suprachiasmatic nucleus according to a “phase dependence” that is characteristic of the rhythm of clock sensitivity to both zeitgebers.read more
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Generation of the Melatonin Endocrine Message in Mammals: A Review of the Complex Regulation of Melatonin Synthesis by Norepinephrine, Peptides, and Other Pineal Transmitters
TL;DR: The aim of this review is to gather together early and recent data on the effects of the nonadrenergic transmitters on modulation of melatonin synthesis, which reveals the variety of inputs that can be integrated by the pineal gland; what elements are crucial to deliver the very precise timing information to the organism.
Journal ArticleDOI
Otx5 regulates genes that show circadian expression in the zebrafish pineal complex
Joshua T. Gamse,Yu Chi Shen,Christine Thisse,Bernard Thisse,Pamela A. Raymond,Marnie E. Halpern,Jennifer O. Liang +6 more
TL;DR: It is shown that crx and otx5 orthologs are expressed in both the pineal organ and the asymmetrically positioned parapineal of larval zebrafish, indicating that Otx5 rather than Crx regulates genes that show circadian expression in the zebra fish pineal complex.
Journal ArticleDOI
GeneChip analysis shows altered mRNA expression of transcripts of neurotransmitter and signal transduction pathways in the cerebral cortex of portacaval shunted rats.
TL;DR: Of importance was that the increased heme oxygenase‐1 and decreased Cu,Zn‐superoxide dismutase expression observed raise the possibility of oxidative stress playing a pathogenic role in chronic HE.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tissue-Specific Transgenic Knockdown of Fos-Related Antigen 2 (Fra-2) Expression Mediated by Dominant Negative Fra-2
Martyn Smith,Zoe Burke,Ann Humphries,Timothy N. C. Wells,David C. Klein,David Allan Carter,Ruben Baler +6 more
TL;DR: Analysis of 1,190 genes in the NATDNF2 pineal gland, including the AANAT gene, identified two whose expression is strongly linked to fra-2 expression: the genes encoding type II iodothyronine deiodinase and nectadrin (CD24).
Journal ArticleDOI
Anatomical and functional characterization of clock gene expression in neuroendocrine dopaminergic neurons.
Michael T. Sellix,Marcel Egli,Maristela O. Poletini,De’Nise T. McKee,M. Bosworth,Cheryl A. Fitch,Marc E. Freeman +6 more
TL;DR: The data suggest that clock gene expression, particularly PER1 and PER2, within NDNs may act to modulate diurnal rhythms of DA release from NDNs in the OVX rat.
References
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Adrenergic signals direct rhythmic expression of transcriptional repressor CREM in the pineal gland
Jërg H. Stehle,Nicholas S. Foulkes,Carlos A. Molina,Valérie Simonneaux,Paul Pévet,Paolo Sassone-Corsi +5 more
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Photoneural regulation of the mammalian pineal gland.
TL;DR: All the available evidence indicates that melatonin production is regulated by cyclic AMP.