Colistin susceptibility of gram-negative clinical isolates from Tamil Nadu, India
Nachimuthu Ramesh,Manohar Prasanth,Subramani Ramkumar,Maray Suresh,Ashok J. Tamhankar,Kodiveri Muthukaliannan Gothandam,S. Karthikeyan,Bülent Bozdogan +7 more
TLDR
This study indicates the emergence of colistin resistant isolates from clinical samples among different groups of gram-negative organisms and develops new antibiotics and programs to reduce nosocomial infections.Abstract:
Background: Colistin is one of the oldest antibiotics in the polymyxin group, and is used mostly against gramnegative bacteria. Because of developing resistance among clinical isolates colistin has become an alternative drug for multidrug resistant bacteria. Objectives: To determine colistin resistance among isolates from Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: We included 94 gram-negative isolates from two centers in Tamil Nadu in the present study. Isolates were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by agar dilution. Results: The isolates identified at species level included 48 Escherichia coli, 9 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 10 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 5 Proteus mirabilis, 4 Salmonella enterica, 3 Enterobacter hormaechei, 3 Enterobacter cloacae, 2 Achromobacter xylosoxidans, 2 Acinetobacter baumannii, 1 Providencia vermicola, 1 Acinetobacter towneri, 1 Enterobacter gergoviae, 2 Providencia rettgeri, 1 Enterobacter asburiae, 1 Pseudomonas stutzeri, and 1 Salmonella typhi. The MIC of colistin ranged from 0.12 ?g/ml to 128 ?g/ml. The MIC50 was 1 ?g/mL and MIC90 was >128 ?g/ml. The MIC ? 8 ?g/mL was resistant breakpoint for all the species. A total of 27 isolates were resistant to colistin. Colistin resistant isolates included E. coli (9/48), K. pneumoniae (6/9), P. aeruginosa (3/10), A. baumannii (1/2), P. mirabilis (4/5), E. cloacae (1/3), P. rettgeri (2/2), and S. enterica (1/4). Carbapenem susceptibility of colistin resistant isolates was tested and 14 were found to be resistant to meropenem. Conclusions: Our study indicates the emergence of colistin resistant isolates from clinical samples among different groups of gram-negative organisms. Resistance to both carbapenem and colistin occurs. Developing new antibiotics and programs to reduce nosocomial infections is necessary especially for multidrug resistant isolates. Keywords: Antimicrobial agents, gram negative, multi-drug resistant, pathogenesis, polymyxinread more
Citations
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The distribution of carbapenem- and colistin-resistance in Gram-negative bacteria from the Tamil Nadu region in India.
Prasanth Manohar,Thamaraiselvan Shanthini,Ramankannan Ayyanar,Bülent Bozdogan,Aruni Wilson,Ashok J. Tamhankar,Ashok J. Tamhankar,Ramesh Nachimuthu,Bruno S. Lopes +8 more
TL;DR: The results highlight the distribution of carbapenem‐ and colistin‐resistance in Gram‐negative bacteria isolated from the Tamil Nadu region in South India.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Essential Role of Hypermutation in Rapid Adaptation to Antibiotic Stress.
Heer H. Mehta,Amy G. Prater,Kathryn Beabout,Ryan A. Leo Elworth,Mark Karavis,Henry S. Gibbons,Yousif Shamoo +6 more
TL;DR: A framework for evaluating the complex evolutionary trajectories of hypermutators that applies to both current and emerging pathogen populations is presented and it is shown that evolutionary paths leading to resistance could be reliably discerned.
Journal ArticleDOI
Colistin Resistance Among Multiple Sequence Types of Klebsiella pneumoniae Is Associated With Diverse Resistance Mechanisms: A Report From India.
TL;DR: In this article, a retrospective observational study was conducted to determine the prevalence and molecular events contributing to colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae infections, and the underlying mechanisms were studied by PCR-based amplification and sequence analysis of genes of two-component regulatory system (phoPQ and pmrAB), regulatory transmembrane protein-coding mgrB, and mobilized colISTin resistance genes (mcr-1-8).
Journal ArticleDOI
A Study of 24 Patients with Colistin-Resistant Gram-negative Isolates in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India.
Rajalakshmi Arjun,Ram Gopalakrishnan,P Senthur Nambi,D Suresh Kumar,R Madhumitha,V Ramasubramanian +5 more
TL;DR: Colistin resistance among Gram-negative bacteria, especially K. pneumoniae, is emerging in Indian hospitals and fosfomycin, tigecycline, and chloramphenicol may be options for combination therapy.
Posted ContentDOI
The essential role of hypermutation in rapid adaptation to antibiotic stress
Heer H. Mehta,Amy G. Prater,Kathryn Beabout,Ryan A. Leo Elworth,Mark Karavis,Henry S. Gibbons,Yousif Shamoo +6 more
TL;DR: A framework for evaluating the complex evolutionary trajectories of hypermutators that can be applied to both current and emerging pathogen populations is provided and a series of analyses that will be useful in identifying adaptive mutations in well annotated and novel bacterial mutator populations are described.
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