Journal ArticleDOI
Comparison and evaluation of electromagnetic absorption characteristics in realistic human head models of adult and children for 900-MHz mobile telephones
Jianqing Wang,Osamu Fujiwara +1 more
TLDR
Two kinds of children's models from a Japanese adult head model are developed, based on Japanese children's statistical data on external shapes of heads, which suggest that the contradictory conclusions drawn by the above two groups may be due to the different conditions in their numerical peak SAR calculations.Abstract:
The controversy on the dosimetry in children's heads for mobile telephones is still inconsistent Gandhi's group [1996, 2002] reported a considerable increase of the spatial peak specific absorption rate (SAR) in children's heads, while Kuster's group [1998] claimed that there was not a significant difference in the SAR between children and adults In this paper, based on Japanese children's statistical data on external shapes of heads, we developed two kinds of children's models from a Japanese adult head model Using the children's head models, we calculated the local peak SAR under the same conditions as those previously employed by Gandhi's and Kuster's groups Compared to the local peak SAR in the adult head model, we found a considerable increase in the children's heads when we fixed the output power of the monopole-type antenna, but no significant differences when we fixed the effective current of the dipole-type antenna This finding suggests that the contradictory conclusions drawn by the above two groups may be due to the different conditions in their numerical peak SAR calculationsread more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Synopsis of IEEE Std C95.1™-2019 “IEEE Standard for Safety Levels With Respect to Human Exposure to Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields, 0 Hz to 300 GHz”
William H. Bailey,Tim Harrington,Akimasa Hirata,Robert Rob Kavet,Jafar Keshvari,Bertram Jon Klauenberg,Alexandre Legros,David P. Maxson,John M. Osepchuk,J. Patrick Reilly,Richard A. Tell,Ralf Bodemann,Artnarong Thansandote,Kenichi Yamazaki,Marvin C. Ziskin,Peter M. Zollman,Jerrold T. Bushberg,Chung-Kwang Chou,Robert Cleveland,Antonio Faraone,Kenneth R. Foster,Kenneth E. Gettman,Kevin L. Graf +22 more
TL;DR: The newly released IEEE Std C95.1™-2019 defines exposure criteria and associated limits for the protection of persons against established adverse health effects from exposures to electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields in the frequency range 0 Hz to 300 GHz.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparisons of computed mobile phone induced SAR in the SAM phantom to that in anatomically correct models of the human head
Brian B. Beard,Wolfgang Kainz,Teruo Onishi,T. Iyama,Soichi Watanabe,Osamu Fujiwara,Jianqing Wang,Giorgi Bit-Babik,Antonio Faraone,Joe Wiart,Andreas Christ,Niels Kuster,Ae-Kyoung Lee,H. Kroeze,M. Siegbahn,Jafar Keshvari,H. Abrishamkar,W. Simon,Dirk Manteuffel,Neviana Nikoloski +19 more
TL;DR: In this article, specific absorption rates (SAR) determined computationally in the specific anthropomorphic mannequin (SAM) and anatomically correct models of the human head when exposed to a mobile phone model are compared as part of a study organized by IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 34, Sub-Committee 2, and Working Group 2.
Journal ArticleDOI
Analysis of RF exposure in the head tissues of children and adults
TL;DR: This paper analyzes the radio frequencies exposure in the head tissues of children using a cellular handset or RF sources (a dipole and a generic handset) at 900, 1800, 2100 and 2400 MHz to indicate that the maximum SAR in 1 g of peripheral brain tissues of the child models aged between 5 and 8 years is about two times higher than in adult models.
Journal ArticleDOI
Variability analysis of SAR from 20 MHz to 2.4 GHz for different adult and child models using finite-difference time-domain
TL;DR: Results show that for adults, compliance with reference levels ensures compliance with basic restrictions, but concerning children models involved in this study, the whole-body-averaged SAR goes over the fundamental safety limits up to 40%.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exposure limits: the underestimation of absorbed cell phone radiation, especially in children.
Om P. Gandhi,L. Lloyd Morgan,Alvaro Augusto Almeida de Salles,Yueh-Ying Han,Ronald B. Herberman,Devra Lee Davis +5 more
TL;DR: A new cell phone certification process is needed that incorporates different modes of use, head sizes, and tissue properties, and Anatomically based models should be employed in revising safety standards for these ubiquitous modern devices.
References
More filters
ReportDOI
Compilation of the Dielectric Properties of Body Tissues at RF and Microwave Frequencies.
TL;DR: In this paper, a database of dielectric data based on measurements using recently developed techniques is presented, and the new data are evaluated by comparison with corresponding data from the literature where available.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electromagnetic absorption in the human head and neck for mobile telephones at 835 and 1900 MHz
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the finite-difference time-domain method and a new millimeter-resolution anatomically based model of the human to study electromagnetic energy coupled to the head due to mobile telephones at 835 and 1900 MHz.
Journal ArticleDOI
Differences in energy absorption between heads of adults and children in the near field of sources.
TL;DR: Simulations performed using head phantoms based on MRI scans of an adult and two children revealed no significant differences in the absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the near field of sources between adults and children, and the same conclusion holds when children are approximated as scaled adults.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electromagnetic energy exposure of simulated users of portable cellular telephones
TL;DR: In this article, a method to quantify the RF exposure of the users of portable cellular phones in terms of specific absorption rate (SAR) is described, which involves a robotic system to accurately position an isotropic E-field probe within equivalent biological tissue.
Journal Article
Health issues related to the use of hand-held radiotelephones and base transmitters
Michael H. Repacholi,M. Grandolfo,Anders Ahlbom,U. Bergqvist,J. H. Bernhardt,J. P. Césarini,L. A. Court,A. F. McKinlay,David H. Sliney,J. A J Stolwijk,M. L. Swicord,L. D. Szabo,T. S. Tenforde,H. P. Jammet,R. Matthes +14 more