Complicated Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections Due to Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis
TLDR
Research focusing on the pathogenesis of CAUTIs will lead to a better understanding of the disease process and will subsequently lead to the development of new diagnosis, prevention, and treatment options.Abstract:
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) represent the most common type of nosocomial infection and are a major health concern due to the complications and frequent recurrence. These infections are often caused by Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. Gram-negative bacterial species that cause CAUTIs express a number of virulence factors associated with adhesion, motility, biofilm formation, immunoavoidance, and nutrient acquisition as well as factors that cause damage to the host. These infections can be reduced by limiting catheter usage and ensuring that health care professionals correctly use closed-system Foley catheters. A number of novel approaches such as condom and suprapubic catheters, intermittent catheterization, new surfaces, catheters with antimicrobial agents, and probiotics have thus far met with limited success. While the diagnosis of symptomatic versus asymptomatic CAUTIs may be a contentious issue, it is generally agreed that once a catheterized patient is believed to have a symptomatic urinary tract infection, the catheter is removed if possible due to the high rate of relapse. Research focusing on the pathogenesis of CAUTIs will lead to a better understanding of the disease process and will subsequently lead to the development of new diagnosis, prevention, and treatment options.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options
TL;DR: How basic science studies are elucidating the molecular details of the crosstalk that occurs at the host–pathogen interface, as well as the consequences of these interactions for the pathophysiology of UTIs is discussed.
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Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in Adults: 2009 International Clinical Practice Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Thomas M. Hooton,Suzanne F. Bradley,Diana D. Cardenas,Richard Colgan,Suzanne E. Geerlings,James C. Rice,Sanjay Saint,Anthony J. Schaeffer,Paul A. Tambayh,Peter Tenke,Lindsay E. Nicolle +10 more
TL;DR: These guidelines are intended for use by physicians in all medical specialties who perform direct patient care, with an emphasis on the care of patients in hospitals and long-term care facilities.
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Hospital-Acquired Infections Due to Gram-Negative Bacteria
Anton Y. Peleg,David C. Hooper +1 more
TL;DR: What clinicians should know about hospital-acquired infections is updated to reflect the latest research on Gram-negative bacteria and antibiotic drug resistance.
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Klebsiella pneumoniae: Going on the Offense with a Strong Defense
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TL;DR: Recent studies have identified additional K. pneumoniae virulence factors and led to more insights about factors important for the growth of this pathogen at a variety of tissue sites, but much work is left to be done in characterizing these newly discovered factors.
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