Journal ArticleDOI
Coronal mass ejections and other extreme characteristics of the 2003 October–November solar eruptions
Nat Gopalswamy,Seiji Yashiro,Seiji Yashiro,Yijin Liu,G. Michalek,G. Michalek,G. Michalek,Angelos Vourlidas,M. L. Kaiser,Russell A. Howard +9 more
TLDR
In this article, the authors compare the statistical properties of these CMEs with those of the general population of CME observed during cycle 23 and find that the 2003 October-November CME were fast and wide on the average and hence were very energetic, nearly 20 percent of the ultrafast CME events of cycle 23 occurred during the October−November interval, including the fastest CME of the study period (∼2700 km s−1 on 4 November 2003 at 1954 UT).Abstract:
[1] Fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs), X-class flares, solar energetic particle (SEP) events, and interplanetary shocks were abundantly observed during the episode of intense solar activity in late October and early November 2003. Most of the 80 CMEs originated from three active regions (NOAA ARs 484, 486, and 488). We compare the statistical properties of these CMEs with those of the general population of CMEs observed during cycle 23. We find that (1) the 2003 October–November CMEs were fast and wide on the average and hence were very energetic, (2) nearly 20 percent of the ultrafast CMEs (speed ≥2000 km s−1) of cycle 23 occurred during the October–November interval, including the fastest CME of the study period (∼2700 km s−1 on 4 November 2003 at 1954 UT), (3) the rate of full-halo CMEs was nearly four times the average rate during cycle 23, (4) at least sixteen shocks were observed near the Sun, while eight of them were intercepted by spacecraft along the Sun-Earth line, (5) the CMEs were highly geoeffective: the resulting geomagnetic storms were among the most intense of cycle 23, (6) the CMEs were associated with very large SEP events, including the largest event of cycle 23. These extreme properties were commensurate with the size and energy of the associated active regions. This study suggests that the speed of CMEs may not be much higher than ∼3000 km s−1, consistent with the free energy available in active regions. An important practical implication of such a speed limit is that the Sun-Earth travel times of CME-driven shocks may not be less than ∼0.5 day. Two of the shocks arrived at Earth in <24 hours, the first events in ∼30 years and only the 14th and 15th documented cases of such events since 1859.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The SOHO/LASCO CME Catalog
Nat Gopalswamy,Seiji Yashiro,G. Michalek,Guillermo Stenborg,Angelos Vourlidas,S. Freeland,R. A. Howard +6 more
TL;DR: The SOHO/LASCO CME catalog as mentioned in this paper is a data base for the analysis of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the solar corona.
Journal ArticleDOI
Space Weather: The Solar Perspective
TL;DR: The term space weather refers to conditions on the Sun and in the solar wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere that can influence the performance and reliability of space-borne and ground-based technological systems and that can affect human life and health as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Observations of an extreme storm in interplanetary space caused by successive coronal mass ejections
Ying Liu,Janet G. Luhmann,P. Kajdič,P. Kajdič,Emilia Kilpua,Noé Lugaz,Nariaki Nitta,Christian Möstl,Christian Möstl,Benoit Lavraud,Benoit Lavraud,Stuart D. Bale,Charlie J. Farrugia,Antoinette B. Galvin +13 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that the in-transit interaction between two closely launched coronal mass ejections resulted in the extreme enhancement of the ejecta magnetic field observed near 1 AU at STEREO A and the formation of the extreme storm showed striking novel features.
Journal ArticleDOI
Properties of Ground Level Enhancement Events and the Associated Solar Eruptions During Solar Cycle 23
Nat Gopalswamy,Hong Xie,Hong Xie,Seiji Yashiro,Seiji Yashiro,Sachiko Akiyama,Sachiko Akiyama,Pertti Makela,Pertti Makela,Ilya Usoskin +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, an overview of the observed properties of the ground level enhancement (GLE) events and those of the two associated phenom- ena, viz., flares and CMEs, both being potential sources of particle acceleration are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
The 1859 space weather event revisited: limits of extreme activity
Edward W. Cliver,W. F. Dietrich +1 more
TL;DR: The most recent estimates of the flare soft X-ray (SXR) peak intensity and D st magnetic storm index for this event are: SXR class = X45 (± 5) (vs. X35 (±5) for the 4 November 2003 flare) and minimum D st = −900 nT (+50, −150) nT for the great storm of May 1921.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Large Angle Spectroscopic Coronagraph (LASCO): Visible light coronal imaging and spectroscopy
G. E. Brueckner,Russell A. Howard,M. J. Koomen,Clarence M. Korendyke,D. J. Michels,Dennis G. Socker,Philippe Lamy,Antoine Llebaria,J. Maucherat,Rainer Schwenn,G. M. Simmett hand D. K. Bedford,C. J. Eyles +11 more
TL;DR: The Large Angle Spectroscopic Coronagraph (LASCO) is a triple coronagraph being jointly developed for the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) mission as discussed by the authors.
Book ChapterDOI
The Large Angle Spectroscopic Coronagraph (LASCO)
Guenter E. Brueckner,R. A. Howard,M. J. Koomen,Clarence M. Korendyke,D. J. Michels,John D. Moses,Dennis G. Socker,Kenneth P. Dere,Philippe Lamy,Antoine Llebaria,M. V. Bout,Rainer Schwenn,G. M. Simnett,D. K. Bedford,C. J. Eyles +14 more
TL;DR: The Large Angle Spectroscopic Coronagraph (LASCO) is a three coronagraph package which has been jointly developed for the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) mission by the Naval Research Laboratory (USA), the Laboratoire d'Astronomie Spatiale (France), the Max-Planck-Institut fur Aeronomie (Germany), and the University of Birmingham (UK) as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
A catalog of white light coronal mass ejections observed by the SOHO spacecraft
Seiji Yashiro,Seiji Yashiro,Nat Gopalswamy,G. Michalek,G. Michalek,G. Michalek,O. C. St. Cyr,O. C. St. Cyr,Simon Plunkett,N. Rich,Russell A. Howard +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a summary of the statistical properties of the CMEs, including the apparent central position angle, the angular width in the sky plane, and the height (heliocentric distance) as a function of time.
Journal ArticleDOI
Waves: The Radio and Plasma Wave Investigation on the Wind Spacecraft
Jean-Louis Bougeret,M. L. Kaiser,Paul J. Kellogg,R. Manning,K. Goetz,S. J. Monson,N. Monge,L. Friel,C. A. Meetre,C. Perche,L. Sitruk,Sang Hoang +11 more
TL;DR: The WAVES investigation on the WIND spacecraft will provide comprehensive measurements of the radio and plasma wave phenomena which occur in Geospace as mentioned in this paper, in coordination with the other onboard plasma, energetic particles, and field measurements will help us understand the kinetic processes that are important in the solar wind and in key boundary regions of the Geospace.