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Deep learning in medical imaging and radiation therapy.

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TLDR
The general principles of DL and convolutional neural networks are introduced, five major areas of application of DL in medical imaging and radiation therapy are surveyed, common themes are identified, methods for dataset expansion are discussed, and lessons learned, remaining challenges, and future directions are summarized.
Abstract
The goals of this review paper on deep learning (DL) in medical imaging and radiation therapy are to (a) summarize what has been achieved to date; (b) identify common and unique challenges, and strategies that researchers have taken to address these challenges; and (c) identify some of the promising avenues for the future both in terms of applications as well as technical innovations. We introduce the general principles of DL and convolutional neural networks, survey five major areas of application of DL in medical imaging and radiation therapy, identify common themes, discuss methods for dataset expansion, and conclude by summarizing lessons learned, remaining challenges, and future directions.

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Data augmentation using generative adversarial networks (CycleGAN) to improve generalizability in CT segmentation tasks.

TL;DR: It is shown that in several CT segmentation tasks performance is improved significantly, especially in out-of-distribution (noncontrast CT) data, which will be valuable to medical imaging researchers to reduce manual segmentation effort and cost in CT imaging.
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Deep learning in medical image registration: a survey

TL;DR: This survey outlines the evolution of deep learning-based medical image registration in the context of both research challenges and relevant innovations in the past few years and highlights future research directions to show how this field may be possibly moved forward to the next level.
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Deep learning in medical image registration: a review.

TL;DR: A comprehensive comparison among DL-based methods for lung and brain registration using benchmark datasets is provided and the statistics of all the cited works from various aspects are analyzed, revealing the popularity and future trend ofDL-based medical image registration.
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Deep Learning and Medical Image Processing for Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Survey.

TL;DR: An overview of deep learning and its applications to healthcare found in the last decade is provided and three use cases in China, Korea, and Canada are presented to show deep learning applications for COVID-19 medical image processing.
References
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Proceedings ArticleDOI

Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a residual learning framework to ease the training of networks that are substantially deeper than those used previously, which won the 1st place on the ILSVRC 2015 classification task.
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ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

TL;DR: The state-of-the-art performance of CNNs was achieved by Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) as discussed by the authors, which consists of five convolutional layers, some of which are followed by max-pooling layers, and three fully-connected layers with a final 1000-way softmax.
Journal ArticleDOI

Long short-term memory

TL;DR: A novel, efficient, gradient based method called long short-term memory (LSTM) is introduced, which can learn to bridge minimal time lags in excess of 1000 discrete-time steps by enforcing constant error flow through constant error carousels within special units.
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Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition

TL;DR: This work investigates the effect of the convolutional network depth on its accuracy in the large-scale image recognition setting using an architecture with very small convolution filters, which shows that a significant improvement on the prior-art configurations can be achieved by pushing the depth to 16-19 weight layers.
Proceedings Article

Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effect of the convolutional network depth on its accuracy in the large-scale image recognition setting and showed that a significant improvement on the prior-art configurations can be achieved by pushing the depth to 16-19 layers.
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