Demonstrating Zinc and Iron Bioavailability from Intrinsically Labeled Microencapsulated Ferrous Fumarate and Zinc Gluconate Sprinkles in Young Children
Stanley Zlotkin,Claudia Schauer,Seth Owusu Agyei,Julian Wolfson,Mélody C Tondeur,Kwaku Poku Asante,Sam Newton,Robert E. Serfass,Waseem Sharieff +8 more
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TLDR
It is concluded that zinc in the form of Sprinkles has a low bioavailability, yet provides adequate amounts of absorbed zinc in young children, and that there is no effect of zinc or AA on iron absorption from the given formulations ofSprinkles.Abstract:
Nutrient-nutrient interactions are an important consideration for any multiple-micronutrient formulation, including Sprinkles, a home-fortification strategy to control anemia. The objectives of this randomized controlled trial were as follows: 1) to compare the absorption of zinc at 2 doses given as Sprinkles; and 2) to examine the effect of zinc and ascorbic acid (AA) on iron absorption from Sprinkles. Seventy-five children aged 12-24 mo were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) 5 mg of labeled zinc (67Zn) with 50 mg AA (LoZn group); b) 10 mg of labeled zinc (67Zn) with 50 mg AA (HiZn group); or 3) 5 mg zinc with no AA (control). All groups contained 30 mg of labeled iron (57Fe). Intravenous infusions labeled with 70Zn (LoZn and HiZn groups) and 58Fe (control) were administered. Blood was drawn at baseline, 48 h and 14 d later. The percentage of zinc absorbed did not differ between LoZn (geometric mean = 6.4%; min-max: 1.7-14.6) and HiZn (geometric mean = 7.5%; min-max: 3.3-18.0) groups. However, total zinc absorbed was significantly different between the LoZn (geometric mean = 0.31 mg; min-max: 0.08-0.73) and HiZn (geometric mean = 0.82 mg; min-max: 0.33-1.82) groups (P = 0.0004). Geometric mean percentage iron absorption values did not differ between the LoZn (5.9%; min-max: 0.8-21) and HiZn (4.4%; min-max: 0.6-12.3) groups and between the LoZn and control groups (5.0%; min-max: 1.4-24). We conclude that zinc in the form of Sprinkles has a low bioavailability, yet provides adequate amounts of absorbed zinc in young children, and that there is no effect of zinc or AA on iron absorption from the given formulations of Sprinkles.read more
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The Use of Chitosan, Alginate, and Pectin in the Biomedical and Food Sector-Biocompatibility, Bioadhesiveness, and Biodegradability.
TL;DR: The purpose of this review is to summarize the most compatible biopolymers such as chitosan, alginate, and pectin, which are used for application in food, biotechnological processes, and biomedical applications.
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Uptake, Translocation, and Remobilization of Zinc Absorbed at Different Growth Stages by Rice Genotypes of Different Zn Densities
Chunyong Wu,Lingli Lu,Xiaoe Yang,Ying Feng,Yanyan Wei,Hulin Hao,Peter J. Stoffella,Zhenli He +7 more
TL;DR: Results indicate that Zn density in rice grains is closely associated with the ability to translocate Zn from old tissues to new tissues at both early and late growth stages and with phloem remobilization of ZN from leaves and stems to grains.
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Effect of Iron Fortification on Malaria Incidence in Infants and Young Children in Ghana: A Randomized Trial
Stanley Zlotkin,Sam Newton,Ashley Aimone,Irene Azindow,Seeba Amenga-Etego,Kofi Tchum,Emmanuel Mahama,Kevin E. Thorpe,Seth Owusu-Agyei +8 more
TL;DR: In a malaria-endemic setting in which insecticide-treated bed nets were provided and appropriate malaria treatment was available, daily use of a MNP with iron did not result in an increased incidence of malaria among young children.
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Systematic review and meta‐analysis of home fortification of complementary foods
TL;DR: The treatment trials indicate that Sprinkles were as effective as iron drops, and were better accepted and had fewer side effects, while the effect of home fortification with multiple micronutrients on plasma zinc and vitamin A levels was mixed.
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Iron requirements, absorption and metabolism in infancy and childhood.
TL;DR: More research is needed to identify those children who will benefit from iron supplementation and to better determine iron requirements during early life, and clinical trials should include functional outcomes.
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