Journal ArticleDOI
Deposition of Ultrafine (NANO) Particles in the Human Lung
Bahman Asgharian,Owen T. Price +1 more
TLDR
A mathematical model of nanoparticle transport by airflow convection, axial diffusion, and convective mixing (dispersion) was developed in realistic stochastically generated asymmetric human lung geometries and good agreement was found between predicted depositions of ultrafine (nano) particles with measurements in the literature.Abstract:
Increased production of industrial devices constructed with nanostructured materials raises the possibility of environmental and occupational human exposure with consequent adverse health effects. Ultrafine (nano) particles are suspected of having increased toxicity due to their size characteristics that serve as carrier transports. For this reason, it is critical to refine and improve existing deposition models in the nano-size range. A mathematical model of nanoparticle transport by airflow convection, axial diffusion, and convective mixing (dispersion) was developed in realistic stochastically generated asymmetric human lung geometries. The cross-sectional averaged convective-diffusion equation was solved analytically to find closed-form solutions for particle concentration and losses per lung airway. Airway losses were combined to find lobar, regional, and total lung deposition. Axial transport by diffusion and dispersion was found to have an effect on particle deposition. The primary impact was in the pulmonary region of the lung for particles larger than 10 nm in diameter. Particles below 10 nm in diameter were effectively removed from the inhaled air in the tracheobronchial region with little or no penetration into the pulmonary region. Significant variation in deposition was observed when different asymmetric lung geometries were used. Lobar deposition was found to be highest in the left lower lobe. Good agreement was found between predicted depositions of ultrafine (nano) particles with measurements in the literature. The approach used in the proposed model is recommended for more realistic assessment of regional deposition of diffusion-dominated particles in the lung, as it provides a means to more accurately relate exposure and dose to lung injury and other biological responses.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Toxicity of nanomaterials
Shahriar Sharifi,Shahed Behzadi,Sophie Laurent,M. Laird Forrest,Pieter Stroeve,Morteza Mahmoudi,Morteza Mahmoudi +6 more
TL;DR: A critical review of the biophysicochemical properties of various nanomaterials with emphasis on currently available toxicology data and methodologies for evaluating nanoparticle toxicity suggests that NPs may need to be sequestered into products so that the NPs are not released into the atmosphere during the product's life or during recycling.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nanodiamond Particles: Properties and Perspectives for Bioapplications
TL;DR: This review critically examines the use of NDs for biomedical applications based on type (i.e., high-pressure high-temperature [HPHT], CVD diamond, detonation ND [DND]), post-synthesis processing and modifications, and resultant properties including bio-interfacing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Physicochemical properties of nanomaterials: implication in associated toxic manifestations
Manzoor Ahmad Gatoo,Sufia Naseem,Mir Yasir Arfat,Ayaz Mahmood Dar,Khusro Qasim,Swaleha Zubair +5 more
TL;DR: Physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles and engineered nanomaterials including size, shape, chemical composition, physiochemical stability, crystal structure, surface area, surface energy, and surface roughness generally influence the toxic manifestations of these nanom materials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pulmonary applications and toxicity of engineered nanoparticles.
TL;DR: An overview of the potential usefulness of nanoparticles and nanotechnology in respiratory research and medicine is provided and important issues and recent data pertaining to nanoparticle-related pulmonary toxicity are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental and Human Health Risks of Aerosolized Silver Nanoparticles
TL;DR: This review summarizes the present state of knowledge concerning airborne AgNPs to shed light on the possible environmental exposure scenarios that may accompany the production and popularization of silver nanotechnology consumer products.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Deposition of ultrafine particles in the upper airways: An empirical analysis
Beverly S. Cohen,B Asgharian +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured in replicate casts of the upper bronchial airways of the human respiratory tract were compared with values predicted for deposition by diffusion and impaction for particles with mean diameters from 0.04 μm to 0.2 μm.
Journal ArticleDOI
Modelling and algebraic formulation of regional aerosol deposition in man
TL;DR: An updated version of the algebraical deposition model introduced previously is presented in this article, where additional experimental data have been taken into account, and where no experimental data were available, theoretical deposition data has been used.
Journal ArticleDOI
Respiratory dose of inhaled ultrafine particles in healthy adults
Chong S. Kim,Peter A. Jaques +1 more
TL;DR: The results indicate that local enhancement of dose occurs in normal lungs, and such a dose enhancement may play an important role in the potential health effects of ultrafine aerosols.
Journal ArticleDOI
Kinematically irreversible acinar flow: a departure from classical dispersive aerosol transport theories
TL;DR: It is concluded that kinematic irreversibility of acinar flow due to chaotic flow may be the dominant mechanism of aerosol transport deep in the lungs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosol dispersion in human lung: comparison between numerical simulations and experiments for bolus tests
TL;DR: Comparisons of numerical simulations based on a one-dimensional model of aerosol transport and deposition in the human lung showed good agreement, which may be explained by the fact that half-width, mode shift, and skewness were little affected by the flow rate.
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