Journal ArticleDOI
Deposition of Ultrafine (NANO) Particles in the Human Lung
Bahman Asgharian,Owen T. Price +1 more
TLDR
A mathematical model of nanoparticle transport by airflow convection, axial diffusion, and convective mixing (dispersion) was developed in realistic stochastically generated asymmetric human lung geometries and good agreement was found between predicted depositions of ultrafine (nano) particles with measurements in the literature.Abstract:
Increased production of industrial devices constructed with nanostructured materials raises the possibility of environmental and occupational human exposure with consequent adverse health effects. Ultrafine (nano) particles are suspected of having increased toxicity due to their size characteristics that serve as carrier transports. For this reason, it is critical to refine and improve existing deposition models in the nano-size range. A mathematical model of nanoparticle transport by airflow convection, axial diffusion, and convective mixing (dispersion) was developed in realistic stochastically generated asymmetric human lung geometries. The cross-sectional averaged convective-diffusion equation was solved analytically to find closed-form solutions for particle concentration and losses per lung airway. Airway losses were combined to find lobar, regional, and total lung deposition. Axial transport by diffusion and dispersion was found to have an effect on particle deposition. The primary impact was in the pulmonary region of the lung for particles larger than 10 nm in diameter. Particles below 10 nm in diameter were effectively removed from the inhaled air in the tracheobronchial region with little or no penetration into the pulmonary region. Significant variation in deposition was observed when different asymmetric lung geometries were used. Lobar deposition was found to be highest in the left lower lobe. Good agreement was found between predicted depositions of ultrafine (nano) particles with measurements in the literature. The approach used in the proposed model is recommended for more realistic assessment of regional deposition of diffusion-dominated particles in the lung, as it provides a means to more accurately relate exposure and dose to lung injury and other biological responses.read more
Citations
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Nanomaterial exposure, toxicity, and impact on human health
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Mechanisms of Pharmaceutical Aerosol Deposition in the Respiratory Tract
TL;DR: Computational fluid dynamic simulation of the aerosol transport and deposition in the respiratory tract has provided important insight into these processes and investigation of nasal spray deposition mechanisms is discussed.
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Secondary organic aerosol from ozone-initiated reactions with terpene-rich household products
TL;DR: In this paper, secondary organic aerosol (SOA) data from a series of small-chamber experiments in which terpene-rich vapors from household products were combined with ozone under conditions analogous to product use indoors.
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Improvements and additions to the Multiple Path Particle Dosimetry model
TL;DR: A review of the expanded capabilities of the MPPD model can be found in this article, where the authors discuss the ability to adjust the total aerosol deposition for the amount of particle "X", when "X" is a subset of the overall aerosol.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Multilaboratory Toxicological Assessment of a Panel of 10 Engineered Nanomaterials to Human Health--ENPRA Project--The Highlights, Limitations, and Current and Future Challenges.
Ali Kermanizadeh,Ilse Gosens,Laura MacCalman,Helinor Jane Johnston,Pernille Høgh Danielsen,Nicklas Raun Jacobsen,A.-G. Lenz,Teresa F. Fernandes,Roel P. F. Schins,Flemming R. Cassee,Håkan Wallin,Wolfgang G. Kreyling,Tobias Stoeger,Steffen Loft,Peter Møller,C. Lang Tran,Vicki Stone +16 more
TL;DR: A retrospective interpretation of the findings across a wide range of in vitro and in vivo studies was performed to identify the main highlights from the ABSTRACT ENPRA project, with focus on informing what advances were made in the hazard assessment of NM.
References
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Respiratory effects are associated with the number of ultrafine particles.
TL;DR: The present study suggests that the size distribution of ambient particles helps to elucidate the properties of ambient aerosols responsible for health effects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Deposition of particles in the human respiratory tract in the size range 0.005–15 μm
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Exposure to carbon nanotube material: aerosol release during the handling of unrefined single-walled carbon nanotube material
Andrew D. Maynard,Paul A. Baron,Michael Foley,Anna A. Shvedova,Elena R. Kisin,Vincent Castranova +5 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Pulmonary Retention of Ultrafine and Fine Particles in Rats
TL;DR: Both acute instillation and subchronic inhalation studies showed that ultrafine particles at equivalent masses access the pulmonary interstitium to a larger extent than fine particles (integral of 250 nm).
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