Journal ArticleDOI
Design and construction of a realistic digital brain phantom
D. L. Collins,Alex P. Zijdenbos,V. Kollokian,John G. Sled,Noor Jehan Kabani,Colin J. Holmes,Alan C. Evans +6 more
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TLDR
The authors present a realistic, high-resolution, digital, volumetric phantom of the human brain, which can be used to simulate tomographic images of the head and is the ideal tool to test intermodality registration algorithms.Abstract:
After conception and implementation of any new medical image processing algorithm, validation is an important step to ensure that the procedure fulfils all requirements set forth at the initial design stage. Although the algorithm must be evaluated on real data, a comprehensive validation requires the additional use of simulated data since it is impossible to establish ground truth with in vivo data. Experiments with simulated data permit controlled evaluation over a wide range of conditions (e.g., different levels of noise, contrast, intensity artefacts, or geometric distortion). Such considerations have become increasingly important with the rapid growth of neuroimaging, i.e., computational analysis of brain structure and function using brain scanning methods such as positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Since simple objects such as ellipsoids or parallelepipedes do not reflect the complexity of natural brain anatomy, the authors present the design and creation of a realistic, high-resolution, digital, volumetric phantom of the human brain. This three-dimensional digital brain phantom is made up of ten volumetric data sets that define the spatial distribution for different tissues (e.g., grey matter, white matter, muscle, skin, etc.), where voxel intensity is proportional to the fraction of tissue within the voxel. The digital brain phantom can be used to simulate tomographic images of the head. Since the contribution of each tissue type to each voxel in the brain phantom is known, it can be used as the gold standard to test analysis algorithms such as classification procedures which seek to identify the tissue "type" of each image voxel. Furthermore, since the same anatomical phantom may be used to drive simulators for different modalities, it is the ideal tool to test intermodality registration algorithms. The brain phantom and simulated MR images have been made publicly available on the Internet (http://www.bic.mni.mcgill.ca/brainweb).read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Multi-shot Echo Planar Imaging for accelerated Cartesian MR Fingerprinting: An alternative to conventional spiral MR Fingerprinting.
Arnold Julian Vinoj Benjamin,Pedro A. Gómez,Pedro A. Gómez,Mohammad Golbabaee,Zaid Bin Mahbub,Tim Sprenger,Marion I. Menzel,Michael Davies,Ian Marshall +8 more
TL;DR: This multi-shot approach achieved considerable k-space subsampling and comparatively short TRs in a similar manner to spirals and therefore provides an alternative for performing MRF using an accelerated Cartesian readout; thereby increasing the potential usability of MRF.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cortical and subcortical areas involved in the regulation of reach movement speed in the human brain: An fMRI study
TL;DR: A network of multiple cortical and subcortical brain regions that are involved in speed regulation among which putamen, anterior thalamus, and PMC show highest specificity to speed are revealed, suggesting a basal‐ganglia‐thalamo‐ cortical loop for speed regulation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Brain mid-sagittal surface extraction based on fractal analysis
TL;DR: The studies show that the proposed method discovers significant mid-sagittal surface with respect to the increased noise level and INU existence, in clinical images and pathological samples.
Book ChapterDOI
Adversarial Synthesis of Retinal Images from Vessel Trees
TL;DR: A method is proposed that learns to synthesize eye fundus images directly from data, by means of a recent image-to-image translation technique, based on the idea of adversarial learning, that produces visually different images that are visually different in terms of their global appearance.
Book ChapterDOI
Ground Truth in MS Lesion Volumetry – A Phantom Study
TL;DR: This work proposes a framework for the generation of realistic digital phantoms of MS lesions of known volumes and their incorporation into an MR dataset of a healthy volunteer and demonstrates the importance of an improved gold standard in lesion volumetry beyond manual tracing and voxel counting.
References
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Co-planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain : 3-dimensional proportional system : an approach to cerebral imaging
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A nonparametric method for automatic correction of intensity nonuniformity in MRI data
TL;DR: A novel approach to correcting for intensity nonuniformity in magnetic resonance (MR) data is described that achieves high performance without requiring a model of the tissue classes present, and is applied at an early stage in an automated data analysis, before a tissue model is available.
Journal ArticleDOI
Automatic 3D intersubject registration of MR volumetric data in standardized Talairach space
TL;DR: A fully automatic registration method to map volumetric data into stereotaxic space that yields results comparable with those of manually based techniques and therefore does not suffer the drawbacks involved in user intervention.
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Introduction to artificial neural systems
TL;DR: Jacek M. Zurada is a Professor with the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of Louisville, Kentucky and has published over 350 journal and conference papers in the areas of neural networks, computational intelligence, data mining, image processing and VLSI circuits.