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Development of Dynamic Equivalents for MicroGrids using System Identification Theory

TLDR
In this paper, the authors proposed an approach based on system identification theory for developing dynamic equivalents for microgrids, which are able to retain the relevant dynamics with respect to the existing medium voltage (MV) network.
Abstract
Large deployment of microgrids will have a considerable impact on the future operation of the electrical networks and will greatly influence the power system dynamics mainly at the Medium Voltage (MV) level whenever the upstream system has been lost. In dynamic studies the whole power system cannot be represented in a detailed manner because the huge system dimension would require a very large computational effort. Therefore dynamic equivalents for microgrids need to be derived. The proposed approach is based on system identification theory for developing dynamic equivalents for microgrids, which are able to retain the relevant dynamics with respect to the existing MV network.

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      
        
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
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          
$
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# #  # 


   
   !" # $!#%
&'()&*
+''"++'
+'    + *
 "+ + *  (
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+"&'+ 
*    !#  '+
(+
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"-+,./01
 , $,%   !# "-   
* '  (   +'+
*&
(  + ' "&
"' '+"+*$2#% 
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"-2/, 56789$8%
:"++2"(22
"+ + + +(   ; 2(+ '
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@2=!"++2"(2"+
+':2;:'
+  * 2 2 2' $>4
/? '%
  ( 0A1  
 + ,   + # "- +
)'":"+
  + # "- + ,  
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 
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*/'#$#%
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,)&("+&)+#*
+'+ '&  +   "+ + '>
,$,%"++&*"+
+ "- +  >, 2/ 
56789$8%'(+(&+*'
'+((''"+
B''+,
+ '  * *' + ,
  "  + &( , * 
0A C1+&'++D"* 
+ &( +* ( ,  + #
"-'&*'+"++
*  +' &   + ++
("+' 
+&'('+,(&+*'
&   ' + & '
B' * + ' ( "+  
'&(B'
+' '+*(*
,"++#"-(
' ' '  + 
(B'*,B'
* ( B'* +B'  
+ "  0914 $% +( E $%
 + E $%  "-
'E $*%   * D"* 
 " ( +(   
(  (   ,   
+!#"-+'+*
+ (+*('
+&('(
"+*"('
**"+,
*( * "-  + '&
* , B'* * + & 
 '+ B'* *  *( ' +
*(B'*
,'(+(
:@2=! 

A
' ( +B'  (  +( +
&)&(B'*,
  "+ (  ( 
"++&&'+&
 &*   + ( &  
+'&'' +'
+++(
+ ' *  -"  +( +
&' + ( *( ' "+   
''" & -  4<- &)
( &)  0F1 + ) &- &)  
'"-"(''(
&' ( B'*  , 081   + "
(&'"+0F1
+++*&+(-"&'+
,()+''&''
-"+( ""+ +'-"
 +'&+(&)
+   ( -"  +(  
 +  ''   +(
0G1
+B'*+'&"'
,('"+*'&
+ # * '  - # "-   
"      " *'
+'+ ' +' +'(
++'+&,(B'*


,

D
,!#&'("++
'  (   + "+ !#
 :
:  , +'  '    
*
+ ,  (    &( 
,$,%+#H!#
'&  "++  * -( '  +
+++('B'+
  *
&+ '  $%  ! 
$!% +   ++  * 
&+  + ' $%   *4 
(+**"'*
&!+'++
'&(
 ,
2
!
!
>

,

: + ) + ,  )&( +
#*'&++'"+
,'&+(
   "( +  , +'  ,   -
 + &( ' * - '  + '
" (  &(   - 
B'
:",+'( 
,"&-"++#"-
"+ + (+' +  + #
**B'(
 ( B'*(   "+
* " (  ,   * 
  &+ +(   
+ - -'+"
( +'   &' ( B'*  ,
&  +(   +  (  
*  "  +    + ' 
'' ,       
&((+"
 
*    ' '   '& 
"   2# ( +* &  071
D"* +"-():'$:%
+++'&$%'"+
+"  $H*:
 HH *%*"
' " *'
"+ "   $HH * 
("+H*&%
 !"
*&"
4 2I *   # ' *
$#%  061 + 2I * /  +  +
" *&   ' + * " /
  > *' "++  & 
+('(+
,0A13 +(+(&+*'
 ,  *   ( &( + 
' +"+
+#'+&+*'(+'+
**B'(  + ,'
D"*&
 "++#"-+
' B'( 

+ # * " '' 
 &( + B'(  +   
:A

C
:A:B'(
 # '   * '
 ' ' *  * "
:B'(  '' * '  &+
+'+    + +  
"#('&$)
+%&(*&
051
# $#
3 +*+,"
(*+B'(
"&&*'+
 + #  +   ' " ' "
* &( / &&  ' *
"(+,B'(*
+'+    * '  * +*
 (   ( ' +( 
+ + ( B'( +' &  +
*'
%
+#*"'
:+'"(
&"4('2
 + &    ( 
&(+,&+ *'*
"''+(('+'&
&+B'(*01 :
CD"* ++(+(
("
:C!(B'(&
3 +  ,    + ' "
( +(+'++#*
" &&&  '( D"*
"'&+#*-" 
( B'( +  # * "
*++
( B'(  & 
+(B'(+*'+'++
  " * "    + (
(''+,"&'+"+
+ (+' + & * " 
'(
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::
!
J
J
  "+ (  ( 
"++&&'+&
 + &*   + ( <   '&
 '' +   '  + 
++(&0G1
+ '((
)   + & ( 
&(''&''
 /'      +
 ' ( B' &(  
<+("++' 
&'  +  ''  #&' 
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*(    () * + "+ +  +
'& (
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:9+&''+++
(''"&)'+'
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:9<'+'(+(

++&'"+'&
 + ' +" " +   + (
(&+*' "+ ++ "  +
   + + ' + 
&+*+&-
' ( + + +'+ 
+ ++''*
2''(&
  +  +  + &
 * , "++ *  +  
+(''+(
''''(-B''
+*&(B'$% 
( )
=
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+
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A
KE
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θ
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 0F1 +   +B' 
'+ &"  & +B' +
   +B' * '
'+'+*++ "++
   +    +  
& &( +&'+  '+   
&(**+ 
'++*
'*&'

9
+&+
'  + +  &(  **
*'( + $% '  + 
&++B'0F1
2"$2%++&
'  (    "+ 
 2*+(
*&*0A1*'(2
"  $2% & + &  
2  +'+ + ' +  *
*(0C1'
&'
:(   *' "++ +  
'++';+*+
+-++*&'
''+(+*
(&-+'*
+*'
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+  +  , ( B'*
* ) (  +( ( 
+(  +  + '  (
&  + *& +( -"  (
*'(+,(B'*B'
&   ( '   
'+*(,"++#
"-" (,
"    + + -" &'
+ , ( " ' + "+ + 
' &+"
 
:('+"+,"-*
4 +"-"+ '&-
 "+ +  + ( B'*  &
&*  + ) ("+  
 + (    B'  +  
&  &( B'*+'
+)(+,
+"-+,"-
+ +( " + & + , ( "
'+ &" "  ( 
 + *   + ,4 % +  
* "+  #  * (  (
 "+ &% + &  "+  2I *
 ( " (    
+'++
!#  +'+ * "+ 2I   + 
&+'+&
+ '   '& ( B'*  ,
++*#
  
, (  ++  , " ( '
 :F

&



'
"


:F,(B'*
+ , ( B'* "  "+ + 
"- +'+ + (&'(4 + &'( &' 
+"&)&(&+&'(&'*
(B'(*&(*(+/
'+(:F

+ -( '   (  '  +
 ''   +  + +( "+
 ) + , " ( ' + '(
'+(++
* + * "     ' +' +
((&(''
   *  "++   '
.
/
0
/
* +'+ + &- 
:8
1
A
A
+
2
+
2
:8''+,(B'*
+ ''  "+ *' +* &
'+'+
+* 
[
]
221
AA
=
θ
$9%
+ *&
3

 : 8  + * " 
&(+,+#+
+ ' " +( 091 " '  
"+''
44!
+**&($9% 2
 ) + "+ + ' B'  
B'$A%+'+
*'   '& ( ' 
+   &" 2  + (
'   B' 2  + 
*+('+
 '  2 * +  
'*':G
-  ' + '  + + 
*    + *  "++  " &
'  *     &  +


F
Σ
:G2+
#
J
!
2
!:
 '  " * '
./
0/
*'>+(
*' +   '( + , (
B'* + '  " ' +
,    "   
  +  + , (
B'*+'+++:G
(  *   (  : 
,+!#"-+'+
+ *   "      
&     " +'
+#*'(+'+
8+  +"+'*'
$(%*>'&
5$
  0F1 "  ! 
      
B'*  *( +  "-
'&+#!# &(+
)&'
5$

#
!
!

+  +   &'  (
B'*+,+(
:7 "++,+,(
"'(+'$F55-#%
+#"-+"+#!#
 #H!# &'  ; +
, + , " C5-3   C5-3
:  +   * $("+% + '(
("+,'+:7
+    &  +  (
 :" + ,   +
'" (   " 
+ # "- "   ' 
B''&'7
$!%   +  + '   ' * 95
$+  '     LA 
LA5% "++'+(
   ' + *&   * F
"+*5
>8
+,
&&
'%
(
:7(>4$%(E$&%'
(
<!
,
2,

<
:
!,
!$M#% ,'$-3 E-#%
#"- F55N/55 4AF5EA4A55
, F5N/5 LALFN/A
:LFN/AE#L/F
  +    +
+( & &* +  + ,
(B'*&+,&+*'"
+,  '" "*'
: +''+*&'
+&'"++&"++
, + (+,
(B'**" 
&+*'''",
&&&A
<!
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,
2,<:!,
!$M#% ,'$-3 E-#%
#"- F55N/55 4A55EA4A55
, F5N/5 L5N/AE#L/F
AL:LFN/A
 + "   + "
B'*"'4%#"-
LFE A%   " '   LA5E C%
 + '*'(
L95    &" +  & 
'(:6>
:  +"   &" + * "
/&(+, "(B'*+
:"+,
   B'( *   & +"
: 5 +' + # / * "  
++,*''
 + +  "+ (  B'( 
 + "+ + (+' + 
B'('+
(&&*:6 *(

Citations
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Proceedings ArticleDOI

Application of dynamic equivalence techniques to derive aggregated models of active distribution network cells and microgrids

TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of the existing approaches is presented and a critical overview is provided regarding their application to active distribution network cells and micro-grids, as well as technical requirements are identified and recommendations are provided.
Journal ArticleDOI

Operational constrained nonlinear modeling and identification of active distribution networks

TL;DR: A nonlinear model and an identification procedure able to take into account the prior knowledge of a given active distribution network are proposed, which can be easily adapted for reproducing the dynamical behavior of the network with different configurations.
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Modeling of single phase inverter of photovoltaic system using Hammerstein–Wiener nonlinear system identification

TL;DR: A new method to modeling a power inverter of grid-connected photovoltaic system by using a nonlinear system identification technique based on the Hammerstein–Weiner model, which can provide characteristics on controllability, stability, power quality, power flow.

On Stability of Sustainable Power Systems: Network Fault Response of Transmission Systems with Very High Penetration of Distributed Generation

Jens Boemer
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of distributed generation on transient stability, large disturbance voltage stability, and frequency stability is analyzed in transmission and distribution systems with very high penetration of distributed generators.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Dynamic equivalent modelling of active distribution networks for TSO-DSO interactions

TL;DR: An equivalent model identification technique for representing the dynamics of a given active distribution network is proposed and a detailed model of the Cigre Benchmark Medium Voltage Distribution Network is implemented in order to validate the proposed equivalent modelling technique.
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Instantaneous Reactive Power Compensators Comprising Switching Devices without Energy Storage Components

TL;DR: In this paper, a new instantaneous reactive power compensator comprising switching devices is proposed, which requires practically no energy storage components, and is based on the instantaneous value concept for arbitrary voltage and current waveforms.
Journal ArticleDOI

Nonlinear black-box modeling in system identification: a unified overview

TL;DR: What are the common features in the different approaches, the choices that have to be made and what considerations are relevant for a successful system-identification application of these techniques are described, from a user's perspective.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Control techniques of Dispersed Generators to improve the continuity of electricity supply

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a control technique for distributed generation (DG) plants that use feedback of only locally measurable variables, which allows correct system operation and switching between parallel and isolated modes without needing online communication of control signals between the generators.
Journal ArticleDOI

Using Low Voltage MicroGrids for Service Restoration

TL;DR: In this article, a sequence of actions and conditions to be checked during service restoration in the low voltage area are identified and tested through numerical simulation, and the need of storage devices is addressed in order to ensure system stability, achieve robustness of operation, and not jeopardize power quality.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

EPSO - best-of-two-worlds meta-heuristic applied to power system problems

TL;DR: A new meta-heuristic (EPSO) built putting together the best features of evolution strategies (ES) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), including an application in opto-electronics and another in power systems is presented.
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