Diagnostic Potential of Saliva: Current State and Future Applications
Tina Pfaffe,Justin J. Cooper-White,Peter Beyerlein,Karam Kostner,Karam Kostner,Chamindie Punyadeera +5 more
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TLDR
Saliva has the potential to become a first-line diagnostic sample of choice owing to the advancements in detection technologies coupled with combinations of biomolecules with clinical relevance as mentioned in this paper, however, these technologies have not yet been integrated into current clinical practice and work flow.Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Over the past 10 years, the use of saliva as a diagnostic fluid has gained attention and has become a translational research success story. Some of the current nanotechnologies have been demonstrated to have the analytical sensitivity required for the use of saliva as a diagnostic medium to detect and predict disease progression. However, these technologies have not yet been integrated into current clinical practice and work flow. CONTENT: As a diagnostic fluid, saliva offers advantages over serum because it can be collected noninvasively by individuals with modest training, and it offers a cost-effective approach for the screening of large populations. Gland-specific saliva can also be used for diagnosis of pathology specific to one of the major salivary glands. There is minimal risk of contracting infections during saliva collection, and saliva can be used in clinically challenging situations, such as obtaining samples from children or handicapped or anxious patients, in whom blood sampling could be a difficult act to perform. In this review we highlight the production of and secretion of saliva, the salivary proteome, transportation of biomolecules from blood capillaries to salivary glands, and the diagnostic potential of saliva for use in detection of cardiovascular disease and oral and breast cancers. We also highlight the barriers to application of saliva testing and its advancement in clinical settings. SUMMARY: Saliva has the potential to become a first-line diagnostic sample of choice owing to the advancements in detection technologies coupled with combinations of biomolecules with clinical relevance.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Salivary Secretory Immunoglobulin (SIgA) and Lysozyme in Malignant Tumor Patients.
TL;DR: Malignant tumor and the antineoplaston may weaken the patients' oral mucosal immunity, influence levels of some salivary proteins, and decrease the level of SIgA, resulting in aggregation of oral bacteria and failure of clearing them from the oral cavity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Novel biomarkers of periodontitis and/or obesity in saliva-An exploratory analysis.
Erica N. Recker,Kim A. Brogden,Gustavo Avila-Ortiz,Carol L. Fischer,Keyla Pagan-Rivera,Deborah V. Dawson,Katherine M. Smith,Satheesh Elangovan +7 more
TL;DR: Levels of four novel biomarkers of periodontitis were detectable in saliva of subjects enrolled in a periodontal maintenance program and Prospective studies with larger sample sizes and other populations are warranted to explore the diagnostic applicability of these markers.
Book Chapter
Saliva as an emerging biofluid for clinical diagnosis and applications of MEMS/NEMS in salivary diagnostics
TL;DR: Saliva as a biological fluid is gaining wider acceptance for diagnosing diseases as discussed by the authors, due to its noninvasiveness, ease of use, cost-effectiveness, and multiple sample collection possibilities as well as minimal risk to health care professionals of contracting infectious organisms such as HIV and Hep B.
Journal ArticleDOI
Highly Sensitive Electrochemical BioMEMS for TNF-α Detection in Humansaliva: Heart Failure
Alessia Longo,Alessia Longo,Abdoullatif Baraket,M. Vatteroni,M. Vatteroni,Nadia Zine,Joan Baussells,RogerFuoco,Fabio Di Francesco,Georgia S. Karanasiou,Dimitrios I. Fotiadis,Arianna Menciassi,Abdelhamid Errachid +12 more
TL;DR: A fully integrated electrochemical BioMEMS was developed in order to increase the sensitivity of detection, decrease the time of analysis, and to simultaneously detect varying cytokine biomarkers using eight gold working microelectrodes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Linking the oral microbiome and salivary cytokine abundance to circadian oscillations.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the association between the salivary microbiome and the concentration of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in the saliva of 12 healthy adults over a period of 24h by studying the 16S rRNA gene followed by negative binomial mixed model regression analysis.
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