Diagnostic Potential of Saliva: Current State and Future Applications
Tina Pfaffe,Justin J. Cooper-White,Peter Beyerlein,Karam Kostner,Karam Kostner,Chamindie Punyadeera +5 more
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TLDR
Saliva has the potential to become a first-line diagnostic sample of choice owing to the advancements in detection technologies coupled with combinations of biomolecules with clinical relevance as mentioned in this paper, however, these technologies have not yet been integrated into current clinical practice and work flow.Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Over the past 10 years, the use of saliva as a diagnostic fluid has gained attention and has become a translational research success story. Some of the current nanotechnologies have been demonstrated to have the analytical sensitivity required for the use of saliva as a diagnostic medium to detect and predict disease progression. However, these technologies have not yet been integrated into current clinical practice and work flow. CONTENT: As a diagnostic fluid, saliva offers advantages over serum because it can be collected noninvasively by individuals with modest training, and it offers a cost-effective approach for the screening of large populations. Gland-specific saliva can also be used for diagnosis of pathology specific to one of the major salivary glands. There is minimal risk of contracting infections during saliva collection, and saliva can be used in clinically challenging situations, such as obtaining samples from children or handicapped or anxious patients, in whom blood sampling could be a difficult act to perform. In this review we highlight the production of and secretion of saliva, the salivary proteome, transportation of biomolecules from blood capillaries to salivary glands, and the diagnostic potential of saliva for use in detection of cardiovascular disease and oral and breast cancers. We also highlight the barriers to application of saliva testing and its advancement in clinical settings. SUMMARY: Saliva has the potential to become a first-line diagnostic sample of choice owing to the advancements in detection technologies coupled with combinations of biomolecules with clinical relevance.read more
Citations
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Circulating Fragments of N-Terminal Pro–B-Type Natriuretic Peptides in Plasma of Heart Failure Patients
Jared Yong Yang Foo,Yunxia Wan,Benjamin L. Schulz,Karam Kostner,John Atherton,John Atherton,Justin J. Cooper-White,Goce Dimeski,Goce Dimeski,Chamindie Punyadeera +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, a homogeneous sandwich AlphaLISA® immunoassays were developed and validated to quantify 6 fragments of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP).
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Potential and limitations of alternative specimens in doping control.
TL;DR: The retrospective monitoring of the relevance of social drugs or upcoming (unapproved) substances represents promising applications of hair tests in doping control.
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Analysis of salivary microRNA expression profiles and identification of novel biomarkers in esophageal cancer.
TL;DR: E2F1, E2F2 and MYC were associated with the cell cycle, which was the most significantly enriched function and pathway in EC, and may be used as biomarkers for EC.
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Cytokines, cortisol, and nitric oxide as salivary biomarkers in oral lichen planus: a systematic review.
Janaina Silva Martins Humberto,Jefferson Veronezi Pavanin,Maria José Alves da Rocha,Ana Carolina Fragoso Motta +3 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that OLP patients have an increased inflammatory response, as indicated by the proinflammatory profile of salivary cytokines and NO, and it is concluded that salivARY cytokine and NO measurements may have significant diagnostic and prognostic potential for monitoring disease activity and therapeutic responses in OLP.
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Salivary proteomics and biomarkers in neurology and psychiatry.
Kelly L. Wormwood,Roshanak Aslebagh,Devika Channaveerappa,Emmalyn J. Dupree,Megan M. Borland,Jeanne P Ryan,Costel C. Darie,Alisa G. Woods,Alisa G. Woods +8 more
TL;DR: Salivary biomarkers could be used to rule out nonpsychiatric conditions that are often mistaken for psychiatric/neurological conditions, such as fibromyalgia, and potentially to assess cognitive ability in individuals with compromised brain function.
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