Journal ArticleDOI
Did Cooling Oceans Trigger Ordovician Biodiversification? Evidence from Conodont Thermometry
Julie Trotter,Julie Trotter,Ian S. Williams,Christopher R. Barnes,Christophe Lécuyer,Robert S. Nicoll +5 more
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TLDR
A favorable climate regime implies not only that the oxygen isotopic composition of Ordovician seawater was similar to that of today, but also that climate played an overarching role in promoting the unprecedented increases in biodiversity that characterized this period.Abstract:
The Ordovician Period, long considered a supergreenhouse state, saw one of the greatest radiations of life in Earth9s history. Previous temperature estimates of up to ∼70°C have spawned controversial speculation that the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater must have evolved over geological time. We present a very different global climate record determined by ion microprobe oxygen isotope analyses of Early Ordovician–Silurian conodonts. This record shows a steady cooling trend through the Early Ordovician reaching modern equatorial temperatures that were sustained throughout the Middle and Late Ordovician. This favorable climate regime implies not only that the oxygen isotopic composition of Ordovician seawater was similar to that of today, but also that climate played an overarching role in promoting the unprecedented increases in biodiversity that characterized this period.read more
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Rise of the Andes.
Carmala N. Garzione,Gregory D. Hoke,Julie C. Libarkin,Saunia Withers,Bruce J. MacFadden,John M. Eiler,Prosenjit Ghosh,Andreas Mulch +7 more
TL;DR: The surface uplift of mountain belts is generally assumed to reflect progressive shortening and crustal thickening, leading to their gradual rise as mentioned in this paper, but recent studies of the Andes indicate that their elevation remained relatively stable for long periods (tens of millions of years), separated by rapid (1 to 4 million years) changes of 1.5 kilometers or more.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Magnitude and Duration of Late Ordovician–Early Silurian Glaciation
Seth Finnegan,Kristin D. Bergmann,John M. Eiler,David S. Jones,David A. Fike,Ian Eisenman,Ian Eisenman,Nigel C. Hughes,Aradhna Tripati,Aradhna Tripati,Woodward W. Fischer +10 more
TL;DR: This work used carbonate “clumped” isotope paleothermometry to constrain ocean temperatures, and thereby estimate ice volumes, through the Late Ordovician–Early Silurian glaciation, and finds tropical ocean temperatures of 32° to 37°C except for short-lived cooling by ~5°C during the final Ordovicians stage.
Journal ArticleDOI
Devonian climate and reef evolution: Insights from oxygen isotopes in apatite
Michael M. Joachimski,S. Breisig,Werner Buggisch,John A. Talent,Ruth Mawson,M. Gereke,Jared R. Morrow,Jed Day,K. Weddige +8 more
TL;DR: In order to reconstruct the palaeotemperature history of the Devonian, the oxygen isotope composition of apatite phosphate was measured on 639 conodont samples from sequences in Europe, North America and Australia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ordovician and Silurian sea–water chemistry, sea level, and climate: A synopsis
TL;DR: The authors reviewed the relationships of the three major biotic events to chemical and physical processes occurring in the ocean and atmosphere during the Ordovician and Silurian, including sea-level changes, geochemical proxies (δ13C, δ18O, 87Sr/86Sr) of the ocean waters, and the evolution of the atmosphere (oxygen and carbon dioxide content).
Journal ArticleDOI
The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE): The palaeoecological dimension
TL;DR: The "great Ordovician Biodiversification Event" (GOBE) as mentioned in this paper was a spectacular increase in marine biodiversity at all taxonomic levels largely within the phyla established much earlier during the so-called Cambrian Explosion.
References
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Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. "The carbon isotope biogeochemistry of acetate from methanogenic marine sediment." by N. E. Blair and W. D. Carter Jr. published in 56, 1247-1258
Journal ArticleDOI
87Sr/86Sr, δ13C and δ18O evolution of Phanerozoic seawater
Ján Veizer,Ján Veizer,Davin Ala,Karem Azmy,Peter Bruckschen,Dieter Buhl,Frank Bruhn,Frank Bruhn,Giles A.F. Carden,Giles A.F. Carden,Andreas Diener,Stefan Ebneth,Yves Goddéris,Yves Goddéris,Torsten Jasper,Christoph Korte,Frank Pawellek,Olaf G. Podlaha,Olaf G. Podlaha,Harald Strauss +19 more
TL;DR: In this article, a total of 2128 calcitic and phosphatic shells, mainly brachiopods with some conodonts and belemnites, were measured for their δ 18 O, δ 13 C and 87 Sr / 86 S values.
Journal ArticleDOI
87 Sr/ 86 Sr,δ 13 Candδ 18 Oevolution of Phanerozoic seawater
Ján Veizer,Davin Ala,Karem Azmy,Peter Bruckschen,Dieter Buhl,Frank Bruhn,Giles A.F. Carden,Andreas Diener,Stefan Ebneth,Yves Goddéris,Torsten Jasper,Christoph Korte,Frank Pawellek,Olaf G. Podlaha,Harald Strauss +14 more
TL;DR: In this article, a total of 2128 calcitic and phosphatic shells, mainly brachiopods with some conodonts and belemnites, were measured for their δ 18 O, δ 13 C and 87 Sr / 86 S values.
Book
Species diversity in ecological communities: historical and geographical perspectives.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the large-scale mechanisms that generate and maintain diversity in ecological communities, and emphasize the fact that ecological processes acting quickly on a local scale do not erase the effects of regional and historical events that occur more slowly and less frequently.
Journal ArticleDOI
GEOCARBSULF: A combined model for Phanerozoic atmospheric O2 and CO2
TL;DR: Berner et al. as discussed by the authors presented a model for the combined long-term cycles of carbon and sulfur which combines all the factors modifying weathering and degassing of the GEOCARB III model.