Dispensable and Indispensable Amino Acids for Humans
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TLDR
The traditional nutritional definition of the dispensable and indispensable amino acids for humans is compared with categorizations based on amino acid metabolism and function and an argument in favor of the critical importance of nonessential and conditionally essential amino acids to physiological function is developed.Abstract:
Here, we compared the traditional nutritional definition of the dispensable and indispensable amino acids for humans with categorizations based on amino acid metabolism and function The three views lead to somewhat different interpretations From a nutritional perspective, it is quite clear that some amino acids are absolute dietary necessities if normal growth is to be maintained Even so, growth responses to deficiencies of dispensable amino acids can be found in the literature From a strictly metabolic perspective, there are only three indispensable amino acids (lysine, threonine and tryptophan) and two dispensable amino acids (glutamate and serine) In addition, a consideration of in vivo amino acid metabolism leads to the definition of a third class of amino acids, termed conditionally essential, whose synthesis can be carried out by mammals but can be limited by a variety of factors These factors include the dietary supply of the appropriate precursors and the maturity and health of the individual From a functional perspective, all amino acids are essential, and an argument in favor of the idea of the critical importance of nonessential and conditionally essential amino acids to physiological function is developedread more
Citations
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References
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Catabolism Dominates the First-Pass Intestinal Metabolism of Dietary Essential Amino Acids in Milk Protein-Fed Piglets
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TL;DR: These studies suggest that cysteine is an essential amino acid in human fetuses and in infants for some time after birth, especially if they were born prematurely.
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Nitrogen cycling in the gut
Malcolm F. Fuller,Peter J. Reeds +1 more
TL;DR: This review examines the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract in the utilization of nitrogen, the identities of the nitrogenous substances entering and leaving the gut, and the significance of this recycling in the overall nitrogen economy of the body.
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