Journal ArticleDOI
Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): a reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test
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TLDR
Examination of the scale on somewhat different grounds, however, does suggest that future applications can benefit from its revision, and a minor modification to the Life Orientation Test is described, along with data bearing on the revised scale's psychometric properties.Abstract:
Research on dispositional optimism as assessed by the Life Orientation Test (Scheier & Carver, 1985) has been challenged on the grounds that effects attributed to optimism are indistinguishable from those of unmeasured third variables, most notably, neuroticism. Data from 4,309 subjects show that associations between optimism and both depression and aspects of coping remain significant even when the effects of neuroticism, as well as the effects of trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem, are statistically controlled. Thus, the Life Orientation Test does appear to possess adequate predictive and discriminant validity. Examination of the scale on somewhat different grounds, however, does suggest that future applications can benefit from its revision. Thus, we also describe a minor modification to the Life Orientation Test, along with data bearing on the revised scale's psychometric properties.read more
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Disclosing Trauma Through Writing: Testing the Meaning-Making Hypothesis
TL;DR: In this article, the authors assessed the potential underlying mechanism of meaning-making, defined as changing situational meaning (appraisals of the traumatic experience) and global meaning (world views, personality and coping styles) in order to reduce the discrepancy between global and situational meaning.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mindfulness is associated with fewer PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, physical symptoms, and alcohol problems in urban firefighters.
Bruce W. Smith,J. Alexis Ortiz,Laurie E. Steffen,Erin M. Tooley,Kathryn T. Wiggins,Elizabeth A. Yeater,John D. Montoya,Michael Lewis Bernard +7 more
TL;DR: Mindfulness was associated with fewer PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, physical symptoms, and alcohol problems when controlling for the other study variables, and personal mastery and social support were also related to fewer depressive symptoms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development and initial validation of an implicit measure of humility relative to arrogance
Wade C. Rowatt,Christie Powers,Valerie Targhetta,Jessamy Comer,Stephanie Kennedy,Jordan P. LaBouff +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the development of an implicit measure of humility and support the idea that dispositional humility is a positive quality with possible benefits, and they find that implicit self-reported humility correlated positively with selfreported self-esteem, gratitude, forgiveness, spirituality, and general health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pessimism, age, and cancer mortality.
TL;DR: For example, this paper found that the endorsement of a pessimistic life orientation is an important risk factor for mortality, but only among younger patients (ages 30-59) and tried to replicate this finding with conceptually related constructs such as depression or optimism did not yield significant associations for either younger or older patients.
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Dispositional optimism and health behaviour in community-dwelling older people: Associations with healthy ageing
TL;DR: It is concluded that dispositional optimism is associated with healthy ageing, and the relationship between optimism and healthy ageing was only partly mediated by the health behaviours assessed in this sample.
References
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