Journal ArticleDOI
Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): a reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test
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TLDR
Examination of the scale on somewhat different grounds, however, does suggest that future applications can benefit from its revision, and a minor modification to the Life Orientation Test is described, along with data bearing on the revised scale's psychometric properties.Abstract:
Research on dispositional optimism as assessed by the Life Orientation Test (Scheier & Carver, 1985) has been challenged on the grounds that effects attributed to optimism are indistinguishable from those of unmeasured third variables, most notably, neuroticism. Data from 4,309 subjects show that associations between optimism and both depression and aspects of coping remain significant even when the effects of neuroticism, as well as the effects of trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem, are statistically controlled. Thus, the Life Orientation Test does appear to possess adequate predictive and discriminant validity. Examination of the scale on somewhat different grounds, however, does suggest that future applications can benefit from its revision. Thus, we also describe a minor modification to the Life Orientation Test, along with data bearing on the revised scale's psychometric properties.read more
Citations
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"A joke a day keeps the doctor away?" Meta-analytical evidence of differential associations of habitual humor styles with mental health.
TL;DR: Meta-analytically aggregate studies using the HSQ to assess the associations of different humor styles with four areas of mental health (self-esteem, life satisfaction, optimism, depression) and suggested geographic differences and sex differences for some of these associations need to be addressed in future research.
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Humor Styles, Positive Personality and Health
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship of sense of humor differences and positive personality qualities with perceptions of stress and well-being and found that good humor uses can support maintaining a stable positive personality style, which has positive associations with both psychological and physical wellbeing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Socioeconomic Disparities in Optimism and Pessimism
TL;DR: The results suggest that lower SES is associated with viewing the future as containing more negative events, but there was little SES difference for positive events.
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Work demands, job insecurity and sickness absence from work. How productive is the new, flexible labour force?
TL;DR: Whether job insecurity and high work demands are associated with increased sickness absence and, if so, whether mental or physical health mediates this association is investigated and if having control at work modifies these associations.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of hope and optimism in suicide risk for American Indians/Alaska natives
TL;DR: Overall, this study suggests that higher levels of hope and optimism are associated with lower levels of suicidal ideation, thwarted belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness in this American Indian/Alaska Native sample.
References
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