Journal ArticleDOI
Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): a reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
Examination of the scale on somewhat different grounds, however, does suggest that future applications can benefit from its revision, and a minor modification to the Life Orientation Test is described, along with data bearing on the revised scale's psychometric properties.Abstract:
Research on dispositional optimism as assessed by the Life Orientation Test (Scheier & Carver, 1985) has been challenged on the grounds that effects attributed to optimism are indistinguishable from those of unmeasured third variables, most notably, neuroticism. Data from 4,309 subjects show that associations between optimism and both depression and aspects of coping remain significant even when the effects of neuroticism, as well as the effects of trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem, are statistically controlled. Thus, the Life Orientation Test does appear to possess adequate predictive and discriminant validity. Examination of the scale on somewhat different grounds, however, does suggest that future applications can benefit from its revision. Thus, we also describe a minor modification to the Life Orientation Test, along with data bearing on the revised scale's psychometric properties.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The Effect of Treatment Expectation on Drug Efficacy: Imaging the Analgesic Benefit of the Opioid Remifentanil
Ulrike Bingel,Ulrike Bingel,Vishvarani Wanigasekera,Katja Wiech,Róisín Ní Mhuircheartaigh,Michael C. Lee,Markus Ploner,Irene Tracey +7 more
TL;DR: Using sophisticated brain imaging techniques, the authors show that one’s expectation of the success of a pain treatment can markedly influence its effectiveness, and how divergent expectancies alter the analgesic efficacy of a potent opioid in healthy volunteers by using brain imaging.
Journal ArticleDOI
Managerial attitudes and corporate actions
TL;DR: The authors found that US CEOs differ significantly from non-US CEOs in terms of their underlying attitudes, and that CEOs are significantly more optimistic and risk-tolerant than the lay population.
Book
Factors Affecting Physician Professional Satisfaction and Their Implications for Patient Care, Health Systems, and Health Policy
Mark W. Friedberg,Peggy G. Chen,Kristin R. Van Busum,Frances Aunon,Chau Pham,John P. Caloyeras,Soeren Mattke,Emma Pitchforth,Denise D. Quigley,Robert H. Brook,F. Jay Crosson,Michael Tutty +11 more
TL;DR: R RAND researchers sought to identify high-priority determinants of professional satisfaction by gathering data from 30 physician practices in six states using a combination of surveys and semistructured interviews, and the results are presented.
Posted Content
Summary of "Expanding credit access: using randomized supply decisions to estimate the impacts"
Dean Karlan,Jonathan Zinman +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the impacts of expanding access to consumer credit at a 200% annual percentage rate (APR) using a field experiment and follow-up data collection were investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adaptational Style and Dispositional Structure: Coping in the Context of the Five‐Factor Model
David Watson,Brock Hubbard +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review prior evidence linking measures of adaptational style to the traits comprising the five-factor model of personality and find that conscientiousness is related to active, problem-focused response strategies, while extraversion is less broadly related to coping but tends to be correlated with social support seeking, positive reappraisal, and problem focused coping.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
An inventory for measuring depression
TL;DR: The difficulties inherent in obtaining consistent and adequate diagnoses for the purposes of research and therapy have been pointed out and a wide variety of psychiatric rating scales have been developed.
Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
TL;DR: The STAI as mentioned in this paper is an indicator of two types of anxiety, the state and trait anxiety, and measure the severity of the overall anxiety level, which is appropriate for those who have at least a sixth grade reading level.
Book
Structural Equations with Latent Variables
TL;DR: The General Model, Part I: Latent Variable and Measurement Models Combined, Part II: Extensions, Part III: Extensions and Part IV: Confirmatory Factor Analysis as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures
TL;DR: In this article, a general null model based on modified independence among variables is proposed to provide an additional reference point for the statistical and scientific evaluation of covariance structure models, and the importance of supplementing statistical evaluation with incremental fit indices associated with the comparison of hierarchical models.