Journal ArticleDOI
Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): a reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test
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TLDR
Examination of the scale on somewhat different grounds, however, does suggest that future applications can benefit from its revision, and a minor modification to the Life Orientation Test is described, along with data bearing on the revised scale's psychometric properties.Abstract:
Research on dispositional optimism as assessed by the Life Orientation Test (Scheier & Carver, 1985) has been challenged on the grounds that effects attributed to optimism are indistinguishable from those of unmeasured third variables, most notably, neuroticism. Data from 4,309 subjects show that associations between optimism and both depression and aspects of coping remain significant even when the effects of neuroticism, as well as the effects of trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem, are statistically controlled. Thus, the Life Orientation Test does appear to possess adequate predictive and discriminant validity. Examination of the scale on somewhat different grounds, however, does suggest that future applications can benefit from its revision. Thus, we also describe a minor modification to the Life Orientation Test, along with data bearing on the revised scale's psychometric properties.read more
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New Well-Being Measures: Short Scales to Assess Flourishing and Positive and Negative Feelings.
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Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind.
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References
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Handbook of Personality : Theory and Research
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a taxonomy of the Big Five Trait Taxonomy of personality traits and its relationship with the human brain. But the taxonomy does not consider the relationship between the brain and the human personality.
Journal ArticleDOI
Negative affectivity: The disposition to experience aversive emotional states
David Watson,Lee Anna Clark +1 more
TL;DR: A number of apparently diverse personality scales—variously called trait anxiety, neuroticism, ego strength, general maladjustment, repression-sensitization, and social desirability—are reviewed and are shown to be in fact measures of the same stable and pervasive trait.
Journal ArticleDOI
Health complaints, stress, and distress: exploring the central role of negative affectivity.
David Watson,James W. Pennebaker +1 more
TL;DR: Results demonstrate the importance of including different types of health measures in health psychology research, and indicate that self-report health measures reflect a pervasive mood disposition of negative affectivity (NA), which will act as a general nuisance factor in health research.
Book
Attention and Self-Regulation : A Control-Theory Approach to Human Behavior
TL;DR: In this paper, Duval and Wicklund's theory of self-attention is used to describe the effect of attending to well-learned behavior. But, the focus on the environment is not the same as that of the self.
Journal ArticleDOI
Positive Events and Social Supports as Buffers of Life Change Stress
Sheldon Cohen,Harry M. Hoberman +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a perceived availability of social support measure (the ISEL) was designed with independent subscales measuring four separate support functions, including self-esteem and appraisal support.