Journal ArticleDOI
Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): a reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test
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TLDR
Examination of the scale on somewhat different grounds, however, does suggest that future applications can benefit from its revision, and a minor modification to the Life Orientation Test is described, along with data bearing on the revised scale's psychometric properties.Abstract:
Research on dispositional optimism as assessed by the Life Orientation Test (Scheier & Carver, 1985) has been challenged on the grounds that effects attributed to optimism are indistinguishable from those of unmeasured third variables, most notably, neuroticism. Data from 4,309 subjects show that associations between optimism and both depression and aspects of coping remain significant even when the effects of neuroticism, as well as the effects of trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem, are statistically controlled. Thus, the Life Orientation Test does appear to possess adequate predictive and discriminant validity. Examination of the scale on somewhat different grounds, however, does suggest that future applications can benefit from its revision. Thus, we also describe a minor modification to the Life Orientation Test, along with data bearing on the revised scale's psychometric properties.read more
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Stress-Related Growth: Predictors of Occurrence and Correlates with Psychological Adjustment
TL;DR: The authors examined the processes through which growth may occur and the relationship of this growth to adjustment as reflected in changes in personal resources and psychological adjustment over time, and found that specific coping processes (resources, appraisals, and coping activities) and, to a lesser extent, cognitive processing, were related to growth.
Journal ArticleDOI
The concept of mental toughness: Tests of dimensionality, nomological network and traitness
Daniel F. Gucciardi,Daniel F. Gucciardi,Sheldon Hanton,Sandy Gordon,Clifford J. Mallett,Philip Temby +5 more
TL;DR: The results of these studies revealed that mental toughness may be best conceptualized as a unidimensional rather than a multidimensional concept; plays an important role in performance, goal progress, and thriving despite stress; and can vary and have enduring properties across situations and time.
Journal ArticleDOI
Self-harm in adolescents : self-report survey in schools in Scotland
TL;DR: A role for emotional literacy programmes in schools is suggested and the importance of promoting positive mental health among adolescents is highlighted as the prevalence of self-harm in adolescents in Scotland is similar to that in England.
Journal ArticleDOI
Entrepreneurs, Jacks of all trades or Hobos?
Thomas B. Astebro,Peter Thompson +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of 830 independent inventors and 300 individuals from the general population was used to discriminate between the two theories, and the results showed that inventor-entrepreneurs typically have a more varied labor market experience, and that varied work experience is associated with lower household income.
Journal ArticleDOI
Optimism and Self-Mastery Predict More Rapid Disengagement from Unsolvable Tasks in the Presence of Alternatives
Lisa G. Aspinwall,Linda Richter +1 more
TL;DR: This article found that people high in optimism and self-mastery are able to disengage from unsolvable tasks in order to allocate effort to solvable tasks, and that optimists tended to outperform participants low in optimism on the subsequent solvable trials when these trials were said to test an aspect of verbal intelligence different from the initial set.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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