Journal ArticleDOI
Downward Flame Spread Under the Influence of Externally Applied Thermal Radiation
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In this paper, a power law correlation exists between the flame spread velocity and the difference between the vaporization temperature of the fuel and its surface temperature in the region not affected by the heat transferred from the flame.Abstract:
Downward flame spread velocity over vertical sheets of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and Filter Paper were measured under the influence of externally applied radiant fluxes ranging from 0 to 2.0 W/cm2. The flame spread rate was found to be dependent primarily on the surface temperature of the fuel prior to flame arrival. A power law correlation exists between the flame spread velocity and the difference between the vaporization temperature of the fuel and its surface temperature in the region not affected by the heat transferred from the flame. Present theoretical models for downward flame spread were extended to account for the additional effect of external radiation. It is shown that the predictions of the theoretical models agree qualitatively with the experimental observations.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Controlling Mechanisms of Flame Spread
TL;DR: In this paper, heat transfer and gas phase chemical kinetic aspects of the flame spread process are addressed separately for the spread of flames in oxidizing flows that oppose or concur with the direction of propagation.
Journal ArticleDOI
A theory of flame spread over a solid fuel including finite-rate chemical kinetics
Alfred E. Frey,James S. T'ien +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the steady-state flame spread over a thermally thin solid fuel is investigated, and qualitative agreement is obtained with experimental results in the near-extinction limit region.
Journal ArticleDOI
A simplified theory for generalizing results from a radiant panel rate of flame spread apparatus
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple theroretical model was proposed to analyze the rate of lateral flame spread and time for piloted ignition under an externally imposed radiant flux. But the model was applied to a single flame spread experiment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Experimental investigation on downward flame spread over rigid polyurethane and extruded polystyrene foams
TL;DR: In this article, the orientation effects during inclined downward flame spread processes were thoroughly investigated by experimental and theoretical methods, and the mechanism of orientation effect during the flame spread process was qualitatively analyzed in detail, and simplified expressions of flame spread rate of the two insulation materials with different orientations were deduced.
Journal ArticleDOI
Controlling Mechanisms of Flame Spread
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized recent advances in the experimental study of the mechanisms controlling the spread of flames over the surface of combustible solids are summarized in this work, and the heat transfer and gas phase chemical kinetic aspects of the flame spread process are addressed separately for the spreading of flames in oxidizing flows that oppose or concur with the direction of propagation.
References
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Book
Conduction of Heat in Solids
H. S. Carslaw,John Conrad Jaeger +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a classic account describes the known exact solutions of problems of heat flow, with detailed discussion of all the most important boundary value problems, including boundary value maximization.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spread of a laminar diffusion flame
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical description of a laminar diffusion flame spreading against an air stream over a solid- or liquid-fuel bed is presented, where both a thin sheet and a semi-infinite fuel bed are considered.
Journal ArticleDOI
A theory of laminar flame spread over flat surfaces of solid combustibles
TL;DR: In this paper, a theory for predicting the steady rate of spread of a flame over the surface of a solid in directions ranging from downward to horizontal is developed. But the model is based on a diffusion flame in a boundary layer downstream from a point of flame inception, heat transfer by natural convection from this flame to the gasifying fuel which supports it, heat conduction through the solid to the cooler fuel ahead of the flame, generation of an upstream boundary layer due to entrainment into the flame plume, upstream gasification and diffusion of fuel into this boundary layer,
Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of externally applied thermal radiation on the burning rates of homogeneous solid propellants
M. M. Ibiricu,Forman A. Williams +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a model was developed that describes the thermal interaction of an externally applied radiant energy flux with the combustion zone of a burning homogeneous solid propellant, under the assumption that there exists a critical zone in which chemical kinetics controls the burning rate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Flame spread over an inclined thin fuel surface
TL;DR: In this paper, the downward flame spread velocity over a thin α-cellulose sheet was measured from the vertical to the horizontal positions under external radiant fluxes of 0, 0.9, 1.4 and 2.0W/cm 2.