Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamic response of chest wall and lung injuries in rabbits exposed to air shock waves of short duration.
Carl-Johan Clemedson,Joensson A +1 more
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TLDR
The chest walls of rabbits exposed to steep-fronted air shock waves of short duration produced by 50 g spherical charges of TNT were recorded by means of a mechano-electric motion transducer to study the correlation between the deformations of the chest and the damage inflicted to the underlying organs, especially the lungs.Abstract:
The movements of the chest walls of rabbits exposed to steep-fronted air shock waves of short duration produced by 50 g spherical charges of TNT were recorded by means of a mechano-electric motion transducer originally developed for this investigation. The main purpose has been to study the correlation between the deformations of the chest and the damage inflicted to the underlying organs, especially the lungs. The motion parameters, amplitude, velocity and acceleration of the chest wall, were correlated to the physical characteristics of the shock wave as well as to the lung injury produced. The lung injuries were found to be highly correlated to the impulse of the incident shock wave, and also, although to a lesser degree, to the maximum overpressure of the shock wave, and to the velocity and acceleration acquired by the chest wall. The correlation of the lung injuries to the maximum amplitude of the inward displacement of the chest wall, on the other hand, was found to be much lower or even uncertain. The following critical values of the motion parameters were established. If the chest wall receives an impulse load of such a strength and duration that an inward relative movement results with a velocity of more than 15 m se& attained within a period of time of 150–200 ps, i. e. involving accelerations of the order of 104g, there is a high probability that a severe lung injury will result. Corresponding maxi mum amplitudes of the displacement of the chest wall were 5 to 7 mm. The lower limit of effective reflection pressures and impulses causing severe lung injuries were 10 bar and 1.5 gf sec cm-2, respectively. The biomechanical events occurring in the exposed chest are discussed in some detail.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Stereotaxic mapping of the monoamine pathways in the rat brain.
TL;DR: The ascending monoamine pathways in the rat brain are demonstrated by the pile up of fluorescent material occurring in the axons after various types of lesions, indicating a unique role for the locus coeruleus in influencing the activity of the entire brain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Distribution of serotonin-immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the rat-cell bodies and terminals.
TL;DR: The results demonstrate a widespread occurrence of 5-HT-positive nerve terminals throughout the central nervous system and the finding that serotonin-containing neurons are present in many nuclei that also include catecholamine- containing neurons makes it necessary to reconsider the terminology of the monoaminergic cell groups.
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Prolactin: Structure, Function, and Regulation of Secretion
TL;DR: The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive survey of the current understanding of prolactin's function and its regulation and to expose some of the controversies still existing.
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Dopamine transmission in the initiation and expression of drug- and stress-induced sensitization of motor activity
Peter W. Kalivas,Jane Stewart +1 more
TL;DR: It is found that the dopamine neurons of sensitized animals have become increasingly sensitive to excitatory pharmacological and environmental stimuli or desensitized to inhibitory regulation, and changes in cellular activity or protein synthesis may result in a change in the presynaptic regulation of axon terminal dopamine release.
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Quantitative autoradiographic mapping of serotonin receptors in the rat brain. I. Serotonin-1 receptors.
Angel Pazos,José Palacios +1 more
TL;DR: The distribution of serotonin-1 (5-HT1) receptors in the rat brain was studied by light microscopic quantitative autoradiography and the existence of 'selective' areas allowed a detailed pharmacological characterization of these sites to be made in a more precise manner than has been attained in membrane-binding studies.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Velocity of Sound through Tissues and the Acoustic Impedance of Tissues
TL;DR: The velocity of sound through various animal organ tissues and through living human tissues is measured, using an ultrasonic pulse method, and the effect of anisotropy (fiber direction) on velocity is determined with beef muscle.
Journal ArticleDOI
Studies on Local Anesthetics. Pharmacological Properties of Homologaes and Isomeres of Xylocnin (Alkyl Amino‐Acyl Derivatives)
TL;DR: The compounds were potent local anesthetics, causing a surface anesthesia on the rabbit's eye with an absolute duration of 12–70 minutes and a total demotion of 4–7 hours and a marked increase, showing the compatibility with adrenaline.
Journal ArticleDOI
Shock wave transmission to the central nervous system.
TL;DR: Pressure is also propagated from the skull down through the spine but the transmission in the opposite direction, when the abdomen only is exposed is insignificant.
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