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Economic Growth and the Environment
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The relationship between economic growth and environmental quality is not fixed along a country's development path and it may change as a country reaches a level of income at which people can demand and afford a more efficient infrastructure and a cleaner environment as discussed by the authors.Abstract:
Will the world be able to sustain economic growth indefinitely without running into resource constraints or despoiling the environment beyond repair? What is the relationship between steadily increasing incomes and environmental quality? This paper builds on the author's earlier work (1993), in which he argued that the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality – whether inverse or direct -- is not fixed along a country's development path. Indeed, he hypothesized, it may change as a country reaches a level of income at which people can demand and afford a more efficient infrastructure and a cleaner environment. This implied inverted-U relationship between environmental degradation and economic growth came to be known as the "Environmental Kuznets Curve," by analogy with the income-inequality relationship postulated by Kuznets (1965, 1966). The objective of this paper is to critically review, synthesize and interpret the literature on the relationship between economic growth and environment. This literature has followed two distinct but related strands of research: an empirical strand of ad hoc specifications and estimations of a reduced form equation, relating an environmental impact indicator to income per capita; and a theoretical strand of macroeconomic models of interaction between environmental degradation and economic growth, including optimal growth, endogenous growth and overlapping generations models. The author concludes that the macroeconomic models generally support the empirical findings of the Environmental Kuznets Curve literature. He suggests further empirical investigation related to the assumption of additive separability, as well as development of additional macroeconomic models that allow for a more realistic role for government.read more
Citations
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The Vaccination Kuznets Curve: Do vaccination rates rise and fall with income?
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TL;DR: The incidence proportion of traffic injuries and deaths appeared to rise alongside provincial prosperity, which means that RTIs-preventive measures should be more intensified in economically well-off areas.
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The multifaceted relationship between environmental risks and poverty: new insights from Vietnam
Ulf Narloch,Mook Bangalore +1 more
TL;DR: For example, Nguyen et al. as discussed by the authors show that at the district level, the incidence of poverty is higher in high risk areas, at the household level, poorer households face higher environmental risks, and for some risks the relationship with household-level consumption varies between rural and urban areas.
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