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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces for Communication and Rehabilitation of People with Motor Impairment: A Novel Approach of the 21 st Century.

TLDR
This work reviews the research on non-invasive, electroencephalography (EEG)-based BCI systems for communication and rehabilitation and focuses on the approaches intended to help severely paralyzed and locked-in patients regain communication using three different BCI modalities: slow cortical potentials, sensorimotor rhythms and P300 potentials.
Abstract
People with severe neurological impairments face many challenges in sensorimotor functions and communication with the environment; therefore they have increased demand for advanced, adaptive and personalized rehabilitation. During the last several decades, numerous studies have developed brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) with the goals ranging from providing means of communication to functional rehabilitation. Here we review the research on non-invasive, electroencephalography (EEG)-based BCI systems for communication and rehabilitation. We focus on the approaches intended to help severely paralyzed and locked-in patients regain communication using three different BCI modalities: slow cortical potentials, sensorimotor rhythms and P300 potentials, as operational mechanisms. We also review BCI systems for restoration of motor function in patients with spinal cord injury and chronic stroke. We discuss the advantages and limitations of these approaches and the challenges that need to be addressed in the future.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Current Status, Challenges, and Possible Solutions of EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interface: A Comprehensive Review

TL;DR: This article provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art of a complete BCI system and a considerable number of popular BCI applications are reviewed in terms of electrophysiological control signals, feature extraction, classification algorithms, and performance evaluation metrics.
Journal ArticleDOI

EEG-Based BCI Control Schemes for Lower-Limb Assistive-Robots.

TL;DR: The review identifies the potentials of electroencephalography (EEG) based BCI applications for locomotion and mobility rehabilitation and suggests to structure EEG-BCI controlled LL assistive devices within the presented framework, for future generation of intent-based multifunctional controllers.
Book

Cognitive Science: An Introduction to the Science of the Mind

TL;DR: The Third Edition of Cognitive Science as mentioned in this paper consolidates the interdisciplinary streams of cognitive science to present a unified narrative of Cognitive science as a discipline in its own right, and teaches students to apply the techniques and theories of the cognitive scientist's 'toolkit' - the vast range of methods and tools that cognitive scientists use to study the mind.
Journal ArticleDOI

Review of semi-dry electrodes for EEG recording

TL;DR: This review provides valuable technical support for the development of semi-dry electrodes toward emerging practical applications and combines the advantages of both wet and dry electrodes while addressing their respective drawbacks.
Journal ArticleDOI

An online SSVEP-BCI system in an optical see-through augmented reality environment.

TL;DR: The results showed potentials of providing a high-performance brain-control interaction method by combining AR and BCI, and could provide methodological guidelines for developing more wearable BCIs in OST-AR environments and will also encourage more interesting applications involving BCIs and AR techniques.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Brain-computer interfaces for communication and control.

TL;DR: With adequate recognition and effective engagement of all issues, BCI systems could eventually provide an important new communication and control option for those with motor disabilities and might also give those without disabilities a supplementary control channel or a control channel useful in special circumstances.
Journal ArticleDOI

Brain-computer interfaces for communication and control

TL;DR: The brain's electrical signals enable people without muscle control to physically interact with the world through the use of their brains' electrical signals.
Journal ArticleDOI

Brain-computer interface technology: a review of the first international meeting

TL;DR: The first international meeting devoted to brain-computer interface research and development is summarized, which focuses on the development of appropriate applications, identification of appropriate user groups, and careful attention to the needs and desires of individual users.
Journal ArticleDOI

Motor imagery and direct brain-computer communication

TL;DR: At this time, a tetraplegic patient is able to operate an EEG-based control of a hand orthosis with nearly 100% classification accuracy by mental imagination of specific motor commands.
Journal ArticleDOI

Control of a two-dimensional movement signal by a noninvasive brain-computer interface in humans

TL;DR: It is shown that a noninvasive BCI that uses scalp-recorded electroencephalographic activity and an adaptive algorithm can provide humans, including people with spinal cord injuries, with multidimensional point-to-point movement control that falls within the range of that reported with invasive methods in monkeys.
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