Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of Early and Later Colony Housing on Oral Ingestion of Morphine in Rats
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For instance, this paper found that colony-dwelling rats previously housed in isolation tended to drink more MHCl solution than those housed in the colony since weaning, but this effect reached statistical significance only at the lowest concentration of MHCl.Abstract:
Male and female rats were raised from weaning either in isolation or in a large colony. At 65 days of age, halfe the rats in each environment were moved to the other. At 80 days, the animals were given continuous access to water and to a sequence of 7 solutions: 3 sweet or bitter-sweet control solutions and 4 different concentrations of morphine hydrochloride (MHCl) in 10% sucrose solution. Rats housed in the colony at the time of testing drank less MHCl solution than isolated rats, but no less of the control solutions. Colony-dwelling rats previously housed in isolation tended to drink more MHCl solution than those housed in the colony since weaning, but this effect reached statistical significance only at the lowest concentration of MHCl. These data were related to the hypothesis that colony rats avoid morphine because it interferes with complex, species-specific behavior.read more
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The role of stress in drug self-administration
Pier Vincenzo Piazza,M. Le Moal +1 more
TL;DR: In this review, Pier Vincenzo Piazza and Michel Le Moal discuss theories of drug abuse, the influence of different stressful experiences on drug self- administration and their possible mechanisms of action.
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A unified framework for addiction: Vulnerabilities in the decision process
TL;DR: 10 key vulnerabilities are identified in a unified theory of decision-making in the mammalian brain as arising from multiple, interacting systems (a planning system, a habit system, and a situation-recognition system) that have implications for an individual's susceptibility to addiction and the transition to addiction, for the possible for relapse, and for the potential for treatment.
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The role of reward pathways in the development of drug dependence
TL;DR: If the actions of opiates and other drugs of abuse are to understand them in terms of their abilities to interact with neural systems that evolved in the service of primitive biological functions, long before any serious incidence of addiction itself, the most primitive axes of the biological substrates of behavior are the axes of approach and withdrawal.
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Quality of Acute Psychedelic Experience Predicts Therapeutic Efficacy of Psilocybin for Treatment-Resistant Depression
TL;DR: The view that the quality of the acute psychedelic experience is a key mediator of long-term changes in mental health is bolstered, as data from a clinical trial assessing psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression confirmed this.
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Leftward shift in the acquisition of cocaine self-administration in isolation-reared rats: relationship to extracellular levels of dopamine, serotonin and glutamate in the nucleus accumbens and amygdala-striatal FOS expression.
TL;DR: Data are consistent with the hypothesis that isolation rearing produces enduring changes in the sensitivity of dopamine-mediated functions in amygdala-striatal circuitry that may be directly related to the altered reinforcing properties of cocaine and other psychomotor stimulants.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A biological theory of reinforcement.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effect of housing and gender on morphine self-administration in rats.
TL;DR: To determine the effect of housing conditions on morphine self-administration, rats isolated in standard laboratory cages and rats living socially in a large open box were given morphine in solution as their only source of fluid for 57 days and exposed to a series of 3-day cycles.
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Classical conditioning of a morphine abstinence phenomenon, reinforcement of opioid-drinking behavior and “relapse” in morphine-addicted rats
TL;DR: The pre-potent factor in disposing to relapse, at least in the rat under the experimental conditions described, is the long-term persistence of unconditioned disturbances in homeostasis following with-drawal of morphine which can provide a source of reinforcement for operant conditioning of opioid-seeking behavior during “relapse-testing” sessions even without benefit of previous “training”.
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Experience and plasticity in the central nervous system.
TL;DR: There has been a great increase in knowledge of the central nervous system (CNS), and many new techniques have become available for its study, and the field has become one of the most exciting in biology.