Showing papers in "Trends in Pharmacological Sciences in 1998"

TL;DR: The pharmacological inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase is a novel approach for the experimental therapy of various forms of inflammation and shock, stroke, myocardial and intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion, and diabetes mellitus.

TL;DR: In this review, Pier Vincenzo Piazza and Michel Le Moal discuss theories of drug abuse, the influence of different stressful experiences on drug self- administration and their possible mechanisms of action.

TL;DR: Several lines of evidence suggest that the two forms of glutamate decarboxylase have different roles in the coding of information by GABA-containing neurones, but GAD67 might preferentially synthesize cytoplasmic GABA and GAD65 might preferentially synthesize GABA for vesicular release.

TL;DR: The key pharmacological features of thapsigargin action are reviewed and some of the ways in which its unique properties have shown to be important for obtaining new insights into the biology of Ca2+ stores are discussed.

TL;DR: Evidence suggesting a possible involvement of oxidative alterations of glutamate transporters in specific pathologies, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, brain trauma and ischaemia is reviewed.

TL;DR: How specific physico-chemical and pharmacological properties (first-pass effect or carrier-mediated uptake) confer hepatoselectivity to either lipophilic or hydrophilic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors is discussed.

TL;DR: How A3 receptor agonists might be useful in treating inflammatory conditions, possibly through their inhibition of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) release, which has been shown in macrophages is described.

TL;DR: Evidence that receptors that couple to GS proteins will stimulate adenylate cyclase in many cells and Gq/11-coupled receptors can mobilize intracellular Ca2+ via activation of phospholipase C are suggested to have an important role in finetuning signals from multiple receptor signalling pathways are reviewed.

TL;DR: A review of the available H3 receptor agonists and antagonists and their effects in a variety of pharmacological models in vitro and in vivo can be found in this paper, where the possible therapeutic applications of the various compounds are discussed.

TL;DR: The P2 receptors that are present in endothelial cells, platelets, smooth muscle and nerves, the signalling pathways that they activate and the responses that are produced are summarized.

TL;DR: The present knowledge about the molecular architecture of L channel drug-binding domains and the implications for Ca2+ channel pharmacology and drug development are summarized.

TL;DR: How these apparently paradoxical effects of glucocorticoid hormones fit together and what their functional and pathological significance might be are asked.

TL;DR: Assessment of knowledge of imidazoline sites in the light of recent data finds that a putative I3 site modulates insulin secretion and could represent the first functional site to be pharmacologically defined with selective agonists and antagonists.

TL;DR: Pan et al. as mentioned in this paper showed that activation of the kappa-receptor antagonizes various mu-recept-mediated actions in the brain, including analgesia, tolerance, reward and memory processes.

TL;DR: How non-immunosuppressant as well as immunosuppressesant immunophilin ligands are neurotrophic for numerous classes of damaged neurones, both in culture systems and intact animals is described.

TL;DR: The role of A2B receptors in mast cell activation and the potential relevance of this action on asthma is focused on.

TL;DR: The roles of EP and IP receptors in nociception are compared and it is suggested that the IP receptor constitutes a novel target for anti-nociceptive agents.

TL;DR: Evidence supporting the cerebral cortex as a pivotal site for these mechanisms underlying the action of antipsychotics and balancing the opposing actions of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor regulation may hold the key to optimal drug therapy and to understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

TL;DR: Recent findings on the matter of pharmacological relationships between native P2 and cloned P2Y receptors are reviewed.

TL;DR: It is argued that measures of functional improvement in models of ischaemia should be incorporated to characterize further the neuroprotection afforded by a compound that could aid the selection of doses and end-point measures in early clinical trials.

TL;DR: In this article, Arthur Christopoulos describes a general approach to Monte Carlo simulation of data, and outlines how the analysis of such simulated data may be used to address the question of the distribution of model parameters.

TL;DR: The structure, synthesis and function of gap junction channels are outlined, and their physiology and pharmacology are best investigated in the cardiovascular system, with special emphasis on the regulation of the channels by physiological stimuli such as ions, pH mediators and transjunctional voltage.

TL;DR: Recent evidence that capacitative Ca2+ entry might indeed be important for the regulation of smooth muscle tone is reviewed, and that it might provide an important for pharmacological intervention is reviewed.

TL;DR: The pharmacological relevance of the putative EpiDRFs, prostaglandin E2 and NO, in the modulation of airway tone under basal conditions in vitro and in vivo is described.

TL;DR: This article focuses on crucial evidence that the concentration of GM1 in neurones might, indeed, play a significant role in the modulation of opioid receptor-mediated analgesia, tolerance and dependence.

TL;DR: Taylor and Broad as mentioned in this paper summarized the more serious problems associated with some of the commonly used drugs, and described specific situations in which the multiple effects of drugs on Ca2(+)-signalling pathways have confused analysis of these pathways.

TL;DR: Differences between developmental angiogenesis, physiologicalAngiogenesis in the adult, and pathological angiogenic in experimental animal tumours and natural human tumours are illustrated and critical issues that need to be considered in translating novel therapeutic strategies into clinical practice are discussed.

TL;DR: It is proposed that multiple mechanisms are involved that include both transcriptional and post-translational modifications in NMDA and GABAA receptors that might provide a cellular basis for ethanol tolerance and dependence.

TL;DR: The chemokines and their receptors and recent data from immunological and virology studies are discussed, and the potential of interfering with the chemokine network as a useful approach to ameliorating disease is speculated on.

TL;DR: There appears to be a consensus that ETA blockade is beneficial in cardiovascular and renal disease, and several strands of work presented at the meeting suggest that ETB-mediated vascular and renal responses may be protective.