Q2. What is the mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors?
The mechanism of action based upon blockade of the SGLT2 transporter in the proximal renal tubule results in substantial and sustained glycosuria.
Q3. What were the common types of trials excluded from the study?
Duplicate reports, trials which involved compound agents (e.g. SGLT2 in combination with metformin), trials that lasted less than 8 days in duration and trials that did not report on efficacy outcomes of interest (cardiovascular, death or the specified safety outcomes) were excluded.
Q4. How many major cardiovascular events were identified for analysis?
The analyses included data from 82 trials, four overviews and six regulatory reports and there were 1,968 major cardiovascular events identified for analysis.
Q5. How many unique individuals contributed to the analyses of major cardiovascular events?
There were data for 32,893 unique individuals that contributed to the analyses of major cardiovascular events, 30,210 for the analyses ofmortality and between 22,762 and 52,305 for the analyses of safety outcomes.
Q6. What were the 59 trials with an active comparator?
There were 59 placebo-controlled trials, four trials with an active comparator, and six trials with both a placebo and an active comparator that reported data for hypoglycaemia.
Q7. What was the association between SGLT2 inhibitors and the renal composite outcome?
Fig. 3 Associations of SGLT2 inhibitors with renal outcomes, overall and for each compound (*Progression of albuminuria was a change from normo-albuminuria to micro-albuminuria or macro-albuminuria, or micro-albuminuria or macro-albuminuria; the renal composite outcome describing serious loss of kidney function defined by major declines in either serum creatinine or glomerular filtration rate or need for renal replacement therapy or renal death).
Q8. What was the association of SGLT2 inhibitors with cardiovascular outcomes?
Fig. 2 Associations of SGLT2 inhibitors with cardiovascular outcomes and death, overall and for each compound (Hazard ratios were used as approximators for relative risks where relative risks could not be estimated.