Enteric bacteria promote human and mouse norovirus infection of B cells.
Melissa K. Jones,Makiko Watanabe,Shu Zhu,Christina L. Graves,Lisa R. Keyes,Katrina R. Grau,Mariam B. Gonzalez-Hernandez,Nicole M. Iovine,Christiane E. Wobus,Jan Vinjé,Scott A. Tibbetts,Shannon M. Wallet,Stephanie M. Karst +12 more
TLDR
B cells are identified as a cellular target of noroviruses and enteric bacteria as a stimulatory factor for norovirus infection, leading to the development of an in vitro infection model for human norovIRuses.Abstract:
The cell tropism of human noroviruses and the development of an in vitro infection model remain elusive. Although susceptibility to individual human norovirus strains correlates with an individual’s histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) profile, the biological basis of this restriction is unknown. We demonstrate that human and mouse noroviruses infected B cells in vitro and likely in vivo. Human norovirus infection of B cells required the presence of HBGA-expressing enteric bacteria. Furthermore, mouse norovirus replication was reduced in vivo when the intestinal microbiota was depleted by means of oral antibiotic administration. Thus, we have identified B cells as a cellular target of noroviruses and enteric bacteria as a stimulatory factor for norovirus infection, leading to the development of an in vitro infection model for human noroviruses.read more
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Replication of human noroviruses in stem cell–derived human enteroids
Khalil Ettayebi,Sue E. Crawford,Kosuke Murakami,James R. Broughman,Umesh C. Karandikar,Victoria R. Tenge,Frederick H. Neill,Sarah E. Blutt,Xi-Lei Zeng,Lin Qu,Baijun Kou,Antone R. Opekun,Antone R. Opekun,Douglas G. Burrin,Douglas G. Burrin,David Y. Graham,David Y. Graham,Sasirekha Ramani,Robert L. Atmar,Mary K. Estes +19 more
TL;DR: This work reports the successful cultivation of multiple HuNoV strains in enterocytes in stem cell–derived, nontransformed human intestinal enteroid monolayer cultures, which recapitulates the human intestinal epithelium, permits human host-pathogen studies of previously noncultivatable pathogens, and allows the assessment of methods to prevent and treat Hu noV infections.
Journal ArticleDOI
Commensal microbes and interferon-λ determine persistence of enteric murine norovirus infection
Megan T. Baldridge,Timothy J. Nice,Broc T. McCune,Christine C. Yokoyama,Amal Kambal,Michael Wheadon,Michael S. Diamond,Yulia Ivanova,Maxim N. Artyomov,Herbert W. Virgin +9 more
TL;DR: It is found that antibiotics prevented persistent murine norovirus (MNoV) infection, an effect that was reversed by replenishment of the bacterial microbiota, and the bacterial microbiome fosters enteric viral persistence in a manner counteracted by specific components of the innate immune system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interferon-λ: Immune Functions at Barrier Surfaces and Beyond
TL;DR: Recent insights into IFN-λ functions are highlighted, including its ability to restrict virus spread into the brain and to clear chronic viral infections in the gastrointestinal tract and its possible therapeutic applications in human disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial Contamination of Drinking Water and Human Health from Community Water Systems
TL;DR: Water-based Legionella and non-tuberculous mycobacteria probably dominate health burden at exposure points following the various societal uses of drinking water, and next-generation sequencing and polymerase chain reaction approaches are on the cusp of changing that.
References
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Seth Rakoff-Nahoum,Justin C. Paglino,Fatima Eslami-Varzaneh,Stephen C. Edberg,Ruslan Medzhitov +4 more
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Systematic literature review of role of noroviruses in sporadic gastroenteritis.
Manish M. Patel,Marc-Alain Widdowson,Roger I. Glass,Kenichiro Akazawa,Jan Vinjé,Umesh D. Parashar +5 more
TL;DR: Noroviruses accounted for 12% of severe gastroenteritis cases among children <5 years of age and 10% among children under the age of five, according to World Health Organization data.
Journal ArticleDOI
Replication of Norovirus in Cell Culture Reveals a Tropism for Dendritic Cells and Macrophages
Christiane E. Wobus,Stephanie M. Karst,Larissa B. Thackray,Kyeong-Ok Chang,Stanislav V. Sosnovtsev,Gaël Belliot,Anne Krug,Jason M. Mackenzie,Kim Y. Green,Herbert W. Virgin +9 more
TL;DR: The capacity of MNV-1 to replicate in a STAT-1-regulated fashion and the unexpected tropism of a norovirus for cells of the hematopoietic lineage provide important insights into Norovirus biology.
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STAT1-Dependent Innate Immunity to a Norwalk-Like Virus
TL;DR: Analysis of Murine Norovirus 1 infection revealed that signal transducer and activator of transcription 1–dependent innate immunity, but not T and B cell–dependent adaptive immunity, is essential for norovirus resistance.
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