Q2. What is the main focus of the study?
20 Firstly, it was found that most studies focus on top-down pro21 cesses, namely on conservation biological control aiming to 22 preserve existing populations of natural enemies: predators, 23 parasitoids and nematodes.
Q3. How do the authors prevent aphids from spreading?
14 Decades of insecticide use have developed aphid resistance, 15 which calls on research to provide alternatives to chemicals 16 for pest management.
Q4. What is the name of the paper?
10.1016/j.rse.2017.06.007. hal-01578842U N C O R R EC TE D PR O O F1 27 Karsten Mody2 & Marie-Odile Jordan1 811 Abstract Apple and peach orchards are chemical-intensive 12 systems, and aphids are one of their major pests.
Q5. What are the alternatives to control aphids?
Alternativemethods48Contents 491 Introduction 502 Aphid species infesting apple and peach orchards 513 Bottom-up and top-down control methods at different aphid 52life cycle phases 533.1 Egg hatching 543.1.1 Bottom-up: genetic avoidance 553.1.2 Top-down 563.2 Parthenogenetic reproduction 573.2.1 Bottom-up 583.2.1.1 Genetic resistance 593.2.1.2