Journal ArticleDOI
Estimation of the global burden of disease attributable to contaminated sharps injuries among health‐care workers
TLDR
Occupational exposures to percutaneous injuries are substantial source of infections with bloodborne pathogens among health-care workers (HCWs).Abstract:
Background The global burden of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection due to percutaneous injuries among health care workers (HCWs) is estimated. Methods The incidence of infections attributable to percutaneous injuries in 14 geographical regions on the basis of the probability of injury, the prevalence of infection, the susceptibility of the worker, and the percutaneous transmission potential are modeled. The model also provides the attributable fractions of infection in HCWs. Results Overall, 16,000 HCV, 66,000 HBV, and 1,000 HIVinfections may have occurred in the year 2000 worldwide among HCWs due to their occupational exposure to percutaneous injuries. The fraction of infections with HCV, HBV, and HIV in HCWs attributabletooccupationalexposuretopercutaneousinjuriesfractionreaches39%,37%, and 4.4% respectively. Conclusions Occupational exposures to percutaneous injuries are substantial source of infections with bloodborne pathogens among health-care workers (HCWs). These infections are highly preventable and should be eliminated. Am. J. Ind. Med. 48:482–490, 2005. 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.read more
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Needle-stick injury among health care workers in hemodialysis units in Nigeria: a multi-center study.
TL;DR: In Lagos, Nigeria, NSI is common among hemodialysis staff and is underreported, and many NSIs can be prevented by adhering to the practice of universal precautions as well as education of staff on such precautionary methods.
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Seroconversion rates among health care workers exposed to hepatitis C virus-contaminated body fluids: The University of Pittsburgh 13-year experience.
TL;DR: A very low HCV seroconversion rate among health care personnel after an occupational exposure is found, which is lower than the average rate of 1.8% reported by the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention and most other studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Risk of nosocomial transmission of Nipah virus in a Bangladesh hospital.
Emily S. Gurley,Joel M. Montgomery,M. Jahangir Hossain,M. Rafiqul Islam,M. Abdur Rahim Molla,SM Shamsuzzaman,Kazi Akram,Kamruz Zaman,Nima Asgari,James A. Comer,Abul Kalam Azad,Pierre E. Rollin,Thomas G. Ksiazek,Robert F. Breiman +13 more
TL;DR: No evidence of recent Nipah virus infection was detected despite substantial exposures and minimal use of personal protective equipment during an outbreak in Bangladesh in 2004.
Contribution of occupational risk factors to the global burden of disease
Marilyn Fingerhut,Tim Driscoll,Imel Nelson D,Marisol Concha-Barrientos,Laura Punnett,Pruss-Ustin A,Kyle Steenland,James Leigh,Carlos Corvalan +8 more
TL;DR: The World Health Organization conducted a comparative risk assessment to ascertain the contributions of 26 risk factors to the global burden of disease as discussed by the authors and found that five occupational risk factors accounted for an estimated 37% of back pain, 16% of hearing loss, 13% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 11% of asthma, 9% of lung cancer, 8% of injuries, and 2% of leukemia worldwide.
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Updated U.S. Public Health Service guidelines for the management of occupational exposures to HIV and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis.
TL;DR: In this paper, the U.S. Public Health Service (USPS) recommended HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) regimens have been changed.
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The role of parenteral antischistosomal therapy in the spread of hepatitis C virus in Egypt
Christina Frank,Mostafa K. Mohamed,G. Thomas Strickland,Daniel Lavanchy,Ray R. Arthur,Laurence S. Magder,Taha El Khoby,Yehia Abdel-Wahab,El Said Aly Ohn,Wagida A. Anwar,Ismail Sallam +10 more
TL;DR: The data suggest that PAT had a major role in the spread of HCV throughout Egypt, and this intensive transmission established a large reservoir of chronic HCV infection, responsible for the high prevalence ofHCV infection and current high rates of transmission.
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A case-control study of HIV seroconversion in health care workers after percutaneous exposure. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Needlestick Surveillance Group.
Denise M. Cardo,David H. Culver,Carol A. Ciesielski,Pamela U. Srivastava,Ruthanne Marcus,Dominique Abiteboul,Julia Heptonstall,Giuseppe Ippolito,Florence Lot,Penny S. McKibben,David M. Bell +10 more
TL;DR: A case–control study of health care workers with occupational, percutaneous exposure to HIV-infected blood showed that significant risk factors for seroconversion were deep injury, injury with a device that was visibly contaminated with the source patient's blood, and a procedure inv...
Journal ArticleDOI
Prevention of perinatally transmitted hepatitis b virus infections with hepatitis b immune globulin and hepatitis b vaccine
R. Palmer Beasley,R. Palmer Beasley,George Chin-Yun Lee,George Chin-Yun Lee,Cheng Hsiung Roan,Cheng Hsiung Roan,Lu-Yu Hwang,Lu-Yu Hwang,Chung Chi Lan,Chung Chi Lan,Fu Yuan Huang,Fu Yuan Huang,Chiung Lin Chen,Chiung Lin Chen +13 more
TL;DR: With HBIG coverage from birth, the timing of the start of vaccination does not seem to be of importance within the first month of life, but to maximise compliance and minimise costs hepatitis B vaccination should be initiated during the confinement.