Journal ArticleDOI
Estimation of the global burden of disease attributable to contaminated sharps injuries among health‐care workers
TLDR
Occupational exposures to percutaneous injuries are substantial source of infections with bloodborne pathogens among health-care workers (HCWs).Abstract:
Background The global burden of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection due to percutaneous injuries among health care workers (HCWs) is estimated. Methods The incidence of infections attributable to percutaneous injuries in 14 geographical regions on the basis of the probability of injury, the prevalence of infection, the susceptibility of the worker, and the percutaneous transmission potential are modeled. The model also provides the attributable fractions of infection in HCWs. Results Overall, 16,000 HCV, 66,000 HBV, and 1,000 HIVinfections may have occurred in the year 2000 worldwide among HCWs due to their occupational exposure to percutaneous injuries. The fraction of infections with HCV, HBV, and HIV in HCWs attributabletooccupationalexposuretopercutaneousinjuriesfractionreaches39%,37%, and 4.4% respectively. Conclusions Occupational exposures to percutaneous injuries are substantial source of infections with bloodborne pathogens among health-care workers (HCWs). These infections are highly preventable and should be eliminated. Am. J. Ind. Med. 48:482–490, 2005. 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Hepatitis B vaccine and the need for a booster dose after primary vaccination
TL;DR: The findings show that over 25% of HBV vaccine recipients had an anti-HBs titer <10mIU/ml after 18years of more from the primary vaccination, and suggest that the vaccination strategy should prefer administration of a vaccine adult dose during early adolescence, since it might offer longer-term protection through adulthood.
Journal ArticleDOI
Health Care Workers as Source of Hepatitis B and C Virus Transmission
TL;DR: Risk factors associated with transmission are reviewed and infection prevention and control practices outlined and national guidelines are compared, highlighting different countries' approaches to this complex challenge.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sharp injuries and their determinants among health care workers at first-level care facilities in Sindh Province, Pakistan.
TL;DR: To assess the rate and determinants of sharp injuries during the previous 6 months among health care workers at first‐level care facilities in two districts of Pakistan.
Journal ArticleDOI
Risk of infection in health care workers following occupational exposure to a noninfectious or unknown source
Ziya Kuruüzüm,Nur Yapar,Vildan Avkan-Oguz,Halil Aslan,Ozgen Alpay Ozbek,Nedim Cakir,Ayşe Yüce +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the risk of infection after exposure to blood or body fluids of an unknown or an HBV-, HCV-, and HIV-negative source and to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of these incidents in health care workers.
Journal ArticleDOI
AIDS and the stigma of sexual promiscuity: Thai nurses' risk perceptions of occupational exposure to HIV.
TL;DR: Nurses' narratives revealed that despite acknowledgement of the low probability of occupational exposure to HIV, the fear of HIV infection remained and was largely driven by the enormity of the anticipated social (rather than the health) consequences of being HIV‐positive.
References
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Journal Article
Updated U.S. Public Health Service guidelines for the management of occupational exposures to HIV and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis.
TL;DR: In this paper, the U.S. Public Health Service (USPS) recommended HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) regimens have been changed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of parenteral antischistosomal therapy in the spread of hepatitis C virus in Egypt
Christina Frank,Mostafa K. Mohamed,G. Thomas Strickland,Daniel Lavanchy,Ray R. Arthur,Laurence S. Magder,Taha El Khoby,Yehia Abdel-Wahab,El Said Aly Ohn,Wagida A. Anwar,Ismail Sallam +10 more
TL;DR: The data suggest that PAT had a major role in the spread of HCV throughout Egypt, and this intensive transmission established a large reservoir of chronic HCV infection, responsible for the high prevalence ofHCV infection and current high rates of transmission.
Journal ArticleDOI
A case-control study of HIV seroconversion in health care workers after percutaneous exposure. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Needlestick Surveillance Group.
Denise M. Cardo,David H. Culver,Carol A. Ciesielski,Pamela U. Srivastava,Ruthanne Marcus,Dominique Abiteboul,Julia Heptonstall,Giuseppe Ippolito,Florence Lot,Penny S. McKibben,David M. Bell +10 more
TL;DR: A case–control study of health care workers with occupational, percutaneous exposure to HIV-infected blood showed that significant risk factors for seroconversion were deep injury, injury with a device that was visibly contaminated with the source patient's blood, and a procedure inv...
Journal ArticleDOI
Prevention of perinatally transmitted hepatitis b virus infections with hepatitis b immune globulin and hepatitis b vaccine
R. Palmer Beasley,R. Palmer Beasley,George Chin-Yun Lee,George Chin-Yun Lee,Cheng Hsiung Roan,Cheng Hsiung Roan,Lu-Yu Hwang,Lu-Yu Hwang,Chung Chi Lan,Chung Chi Lan,Fu Yuan Huang,Fu Yuan Huang,Chiung Lin Chen,Chiung Lin Chen +13 more
TL;DR: With HBIG coverage from birth, the timing of the start of vaccination does not seem to be of importance within the first month of life, but to maximise compliance and minimise costs hepatitis B vaccination should be initiated during the confinement.