European consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD: The European Network Adult ADHD.
Sandra J J Kooij,Susanne Bejerot,Andrew D. Blackwell,Hervé Caci,Miquel Casas-Brugue,Pieter Jan Carpentier,Dan Edvinsson,John Fayyad,Karin Foeken,Michael Fitzgerald,Veronique Gaillac,Ylva Ginsberg,Chantal Henry,Johanna Krause,Michael B. Lensing,Iris Manor,Helmut Niederhofer,Carlos Nunes-Filipe,Martin D. Ohlmeier,P. Oswald,Stefano Pallanti,Artemios Pehlivanidis,Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga,Maria Råstam,Doris Ryffel-Rawak,Steven Stes,Philip Asherson +26 more
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TLDR
This Consensus Statement is one of the actions taken by the European Network Adult ADHD in order to support the clinician with research evidence and clinical experience from 18 European countries in which ADHD in adults is recognised and treated.Abstract:
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood that persists into adulthood in the majority of cases. The evidence on persistence poses several difficulties for adult psychiatry considering the lack of expertise for diagnostic assessment, limited treatment options and patient facilities across Europe. The European Network Adult ADHD, founded in 2003, aims to increase awareness of this disorder and improve knowledge and patient care for adults with ADHD across Europe. This Consensus Statement is one of the actions taken by the European Network Adult ADHD in order to support the clinician with research evidence and clinical experience from 18 European countries in which ADHD in adults is recognised and treated. Besides information on the genetics and neurobiology of ADHD, three major questions are addressed in this statement: (1) What is the clinical picture of ADHD in adults? (2) How can ADHD in adults be properly diagnosed? (3) How should ADHD in adults be effectively treated? ADHD often presents as an impairing lifelong condition in adults, yet it is currently underdiagnosed and treated in many European countries, leading to ineffective treatment and higher costs of illness. Expertise in diagnostic assessment and treatment of ADHD in adults must increase in psychiatry. Instruments for screening and diagnosis of ADHD in adults are available and appropriate treatments exist, although more research is needed in this age group.read more
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The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: a large-scale cross-sectional study
Cecilie Schou Andreassen,Joël Billieux,Mark D. Griffiths,Daria J. Kuss,Zsolt Demetrovics,Elvis Mazzoni,Ståle Pallesen +6 more
TL;DR: The study significantly adds to the understanding of mental health symptoms and their role in addictive use of modern technology, and suggests that the concept of Internet use disorder (i.e., "Internet addiction") as a unified construct is not warranted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative efficacy and tolerability of medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents, and adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Samuele Cortese,Nicoletta Adamo,Cinzia Del Giovane,Christina Mohr-Jensen,Adrian J. Hayes,Sara Carucci,Lauren Z Atkinson,Luca Tessari,Tobias Banaschewski,David Coghill,David Coghill,Chris Hollis,Emily Simonoff,Alessandro Zuddas,Corrado Barbui,Marianna Purgato,Hans-Christoph Steinhausen,Farhad Shokraneh,Farhad Shokraneh,Jun Xia,Andrea Cipriani +20 more
TL;DR: Assessing the comparative efficacy and tolerability of oral medications for ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults found amphetamines were inferior to placebo in both children and adolescents and adults, and modafinil was less well tolerated than placebo in adults only.
Journal ArticleDOI
A systematic review and analysis of long-term outcomes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: effects of treatment and non-treatment
Monica Shaw,Paul Hodgkins,Hervé Caci,Susan Young,Jennifer Kahle,Alisa G. Woods,L. Eugene Arnold +6 more
TL;DR: The following broad trends emerged: without treatment, people with ADHD had poorer long-term outcomes in all categories compared with people without ADHD, and treatment for ADHD improved long- term outcomes compared with untreated ADHD, although not usually to normal levels.
Journal ArticleDOI
Medication for Attention Deficit–Hyperactivity Disorder and Criminality
Paul Lichtenstein,Linda Halldner,Johan Zetterqvist,Arvid Sjölander,Eva Serlachius,Seena Fazel,Niklas Långström,Henrik Larsson +7 more
TL;DR: It is raised the possibility that the use of medication reduces the risk of criminality among patients with ADHD, and rates of criminality were lower during periods when they were receiving ADHD medication.
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Is Adult ADHD a Childhood-Onset Neurodevelopmental Disorder? Evidence From a Four-Decade Longitudinal Cohort Study
Terrie E. Moffitt,Renate Houts,Philip Asherson,Daniel W. Belsky,David L. Corcoran,Maggie Hammerle,HonaLee Harrington,Sean Hogan,Madeline H. Meier,Guilherme V. Polanczyk,Richie Poulton,Sandhya Ramrakha,Karen Sugden,Benjamin Williams,Luis Augusto Rohde,Avshalom Caspi +15 more
TL;DR: The findings raise the possibility that adults presenting with the ADHD symptom picture may not have a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder, and the disorder's place in the classification system must be reconsidered.
References
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The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.
Ronald C. Kessler,Lenard A. Adler,Russell A. Barkley,Joseph Biederman,C. Keith Conners,M.P.H. Olga Demler,Stephen V. Faraone,Laurence L. Greenhill,Mary J. Howes,Kristina Secnik,Thomas J. Spencer,T. Bedirhan Üstün,Ellen E. Walters,Alan M. Zaslavsky +13 more
TL;DR: Efforts are needed to increase the detection and treatment of adult ADHD and research is needed to determine whether effective treatment would reduce the onset, persistence, and severity of disorders that co-occur with adult ADHD.
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The World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS): a short screening scale for use in the general population.
Ronald C. Kessler,Lenard A. Adler,Minnie Ames,Olga Demler,Steve Faraone,Eva Hiripi,Mary J. Howes,Robert Jin,Kristina Secnik,Thomas J. Spencer,T. Bedirhan Üstün,Ellen E. Walters +11 more
TL;DR: The unweighted six-question ASRS screener should be preferred to the full ASRS, both in community surveys and in clinical outreach and case-finding initiatives.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular Genetics of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Stephen V. Faraone,Roy H. Perlis,Alysa E. Doyle,Jordan W. Smoller,Jennifer J. Goralnick,Meredith A. Holmgren,Pamela Sklar +6 more
TL;DR: Family, twin, and adoption studies provide compelling evidence that genes play a strong role in mediating susceptibility to ADHD, and seven genes for which the same variant has been studied in three or more case-control or family-based studies show statistically significant evidence of association with ADHD.
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The age-dependent decline of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis of follow-up studies
TL;DR: The results show that estimates of ADHD's persistence rely heavily on how one defines persistence, yet, regardless of definition, the analyses show that evidence for ADHD lessens with age.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with conduct, depressive, anxiety, and other disorders.
TL;DR: The literature supports considerable comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, learning disabilities, and other disorders, such as mental retardation, Tourette's syndrome, and borderline personality disorder.