Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence of dysfunction of a prefrontal-limbic network in schizophrenia: a magnetic resonance imaging and regional cerebral blood flow study of discordant monozygotic twins.
TLDR
The more an affected twin differed from the unaffected twin in left hippocampal volume, the more they differed in prefrontal physiological activation during the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, consistent with the notion that schizophrenia involves pathology of and dysfunction within a widely distributed neocortical-limbic neural network.Abstract:
Objective: The authors previously reported that in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia the affected twin almost invariably had a smaller anterior pes hippocampus, measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and invariably had less regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the dorsolateralprefrontal cortex duringperformance ofthe Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The present study was an investigation ofthe relationship between hippocampalpathology and prefrontal hypofunction in the same twin pairs. Method: Nine pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia underwent MRI scanning for determination of anterior hippocampalvolume andxenon-inhalation rCBF testingfor determination of prefrontal physiological activation associated with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Results: The differences within twin pairs on the MRI and rCBF measures were strongly and selectively correlated. Specifically, the more an affected twin differed from the unaffected twin in left hippocampal volume, the more they differed in prefrontal physiological activation during the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. In the affected twins as a group, prefrontal activation was strongly related to both left and right hippocampal volume. These relationships were not found in the group ofunaffected twins. Conclusions: This finding is consistent with the notion that schizophrenia involves pathology ofand dysfunction within a widely distributed neocortical-limbic neural network that has been implicated in, among other activities, the performance ofcognitive tasks requiring working memory. (Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149:890-897)read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia
TL;DR: The 193 peer reviewed MRI studies reported in the current review span the period from 1988 to August, 2000 and have led to more definitive findings of brain abnormalities in schizophrenia than any other time period in the history of schizophrenia research.
Journal ArticleDOI
Schizophrenia genes, gene expression, and neuropathology: on the matter of their convergence.
TL;DR: This review critically summarizes the neuropathology and genetics of schizophrenia, the relationship between them, and speculates on their functional convergence via an influence upon synaptic plasticity and the development and stabilization of cortical microcircuitry.
Journal ArticleDOI
The neuropathology of schizophrenia. A critical review of the data and their interpretation.
TL;DR: Functional imaging data indicate that the pathophysiology of schizophrenia reflects aberrant activity in, and integration of, the components of distributed circuits involving the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and certain subcortical structures.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional Connectivity and Brain Networks in Schizophrenia
Mary-Ellen Lynall,Danielle S. Bassett,Danielle S. Bassett,Robert Kerwin,Peter J. McKenna,Manfred G. Kitzbichler,Ulrich Müller,Edward T. Bullmore,Edward T. Bullmore +8 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that people with schizophrenia tend to have a less strongly integrated, more diverse profile of brain functional connectivity, associated with a less hub-dominated configuration of complex brain functional networks.
Journal ArticleDOI
Limbic connections of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in macaque monkeys.
S. T. Carmichael,Joseph L. Price +1 more
TL;DR: This study has shown that the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex (OMPFC) is extensively connected with medial temporal and cingulate limbic structures, and the organization of these projections was defined in relation to architectonic areas within the OMPFC.
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