Evolution and the genetics of populations. Vol. 1. Genetic and biométrie foundations.

Rediscovering Darwin after a Darwinian century

Evolutionary psychology has been proposed as a metatheoretical framework for psychology. We argue that evolutionary psychology should be expanded if it is to offer new insights regarding the major issues in psychology. Evolutionary developmental biology can provide valuable new insights into issues such as the domain-specificity of the human mind, the nature-nurture debate, stages in development, and the origin of individual differences. Evolutionary developmental biology provides evidence for the hypotheses that domain-general and domainspecific abilities co-occur, that nature and nurture interact in a dynamic and nonadditive way, that stages occur in development, and that individual differences are the result of pleiotropic effects during development. Evolutionary psychology has been advanced as a metatheory for psychology, that is, as a unifying theory that can accommodate a diversity of facts and findings from all fields within psychology (Cosmides, Tooby, & Barkow, 1992; Buss, 1995). The general idea is that psychological characteristics (e.g., sex specific mate preferences), like biological characteristics, have evolved over a 2 This chapter is published as: PLOEGER, A., VAN DER MAAS, H.L.J., & RAIJMAKERS, M.E.J. (2008). Is evolutionary psychology a metatheory for psychology? A discussion of four major issues in psychology from an evolutionary developmental perspective. Psychological Inquiry, 19, 1-18.

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Towards an integration of evolutionary psychology and developmental science. New insights from evolutionary developmental biology

Computer simulation of several genetic models was used to assess the effect of type I and type II statistical errors on estimating the number of genes by the inbred-backcross and genotype assay procedures. Depending upon the actual number of genes, heritability, and the probability of type I errors (α), substantial upward and downward biases were observed in estimates of the number of genes from both methods. The estimated number of genes increased as α was increased from 0.01 to 0.30 and as heritability increased. With high α and/or high heritability, the estimated number of genes often exceeded the actual number. Downward biases occurred with low α and low heritability, and tended to become greater as the number of genes in the model was increased. Large type II errors were associated with downward biases. The choice of α had a greater impact on biases in estimates from the genotype assay procedure than from the inbred-backcross procedure. Increasing the number of backcrosses in the inbred-backcross procedure or delaying the assay generation in genotype assay increased the probability of upward biases in the estimated number of genes. Unbiased estimates can be obtained only by choice of an optimum α. There is no known way to choose the optimum α in practice. This fact reduces the value of estimates of the number of genes by genotype assay or by the inbred-backcross methods.

Evaluation of biometrical methods for estimating the number of genes : 2. Effect of type I and type II statistical errors.

Today, people in the U.S. commonly engage in mutual relationships with white-tailed deer (WTD) in manners consistent with those that ultimately resulted in the domestication of animals in the past. Using a wide range of media depicting perspectives of sport hunters, biologists, ecologists, and game managers this paper explores: 1) the influence of anthropogenic environments on WTD behavior, 2) ‘game’ management and the ability to create valued demographics, and 3) the selection for increased antler size in farmed WTD. This study demonstrates that in order to gain a more accurate understanding of domestication, analyses should focus on the evolution of mutualisms between people and animals. Insights gleamed from this analysis also contribute toward our archaeological understanding of prehistoric animal domestication.

White-tailed Deer Management Strategies and Domestication Processes

The precise phenotypic measurements, percent multiple oviposition and the number of parasitoids developed per host, can be used to assess quantitative genetic variation governing multiple oviposition and development in the muscoid Diptera parasitoid,Muscidifurax raptorellus Kogan & Legner. Evidence for polygenic control was based on the significance of correlations between expected genomic content and behavioral expression. Data accumulated from 8 oviposition days seem sufficient to measure accurately polygenic expression in this species.

Evolution and the genetics of populations. Vol. 1. Genetic and biométrie foundations.

Citations

Rediscovering Darwin after a Darwinian century

Towards an integration of evolutionary psychology and developmental science. New insights from evolutionary developmental biology

Evaluation of biometrical methods for estimating the number of genes : 2. Effect of type I and type II statistical errors.

White-tailed Deer Management Strategies and Domestication Processes

Phenotypic expressions of polygenes inMuscidifurax raptorellus [Hym.: Pteromalidae], a synanthropic fly parasitoid

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