Journal ArticleDOI
Factors influencing food choice by the seaweed-eating marine snail Norrisianorrisi (Trochidae)
R. L. Wakefield,Steven N. Murray +1 more
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The data suggest that the preference of N. norrisi for kelps over other potentially edible and palatable seaweeds may not be related to nutritional content, but instead may have evolved in response to factors such as availability, habitat provision, or refuge from predation.Abstract:
Through two-choice gustatory experiments, a␣preference hierarchy was established␣for␣the␣herbivorous gastropod Norrisianorrisi Sowerby, with laminarialean kelps preferred over all other seaweeds. Among the kelps, laminae of Macrocystispyrifera were slightly preferred over Egregiamenziesii, and both were strongly preferred over sporophylls of Eiseniaarborea. E.arborea, the least preferred kelp, was consistently chosen over other algae common in the snail's habitat (Halidrysdioica, Dictyotaflabellata, and Pterocladiacapillacea) and over seaweeds believed to be edible and palatable based on their morphology, structure, and secondary chemistry (Endarachnebinghamiae, Mazzaellaflaccida, and Ulvalobata). The morphologies and structural toughness of tested seaweeds varied significantly as did their nutritional (% carbon, % nitrogen, C:N ratio, and % ash) contents and phlorotannin concentrations; however, snails preferred to feed on kelps regardless of nutritional content, toughness or phlorotannin concentration; and among kelps preferred to feed on the least tough species (based on penetrometer measurements), which also were those containing the lowest phlorotannin concentrations. Preference for kelp was not upheld in experiments using agarose thalli to which freeze-dried powder, of either the kelp Eiseniaarborea or non-kelp Endarachnebinghamiae was added, suggesting the destruction of attractant chemicals during the making of the artificial foods. Our data suggest that the preference of N. norrisi for kelps over other potentially edible and palatable seaweeds may not be related to nutritional content, but instead may have evolved in response to factors such as availability, habitat provision, or refuge from predation.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Local Deforestation on the Diversity and Structure of Southern California Giant Kelp Forest Food Webs
TL;DR: A 19-year-long kelp forest-monitoring data set from the Channel Islands National Park is used to generate an idealized food web for Southern California giant kelp forests in order to identify the primary conduits of energy flow through the system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Marine chemical ecology: chemical signals and cues structure marine populations, communities, and ecosystems.
TL;DR: How chemical cues regulate critical aspects of the behavior of marine organisms from bacteria to phytoplankton to benthic invertebrates and water column fishes is reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The genus Laminaria sensu lato : recent insights and developments
Inka Bartsch,Christian Wiencke,Kai Bischof,Cornelia Buchholz,Bela H. Buck,Anja Eggert,Peter Feuerpfeil,Dieter Hanelt,Sabine Jacobsen,Rolf Karez,Ulf Karsten,Markus Molis,Michael Y. Roleda,Hendrik Schubert,Rhena Schumann,Klaus Valentin,Florian Weinberger,Jutta Wiese +17 more
TL;DR: This review about the genus Laminaria sensu lato summarizes the extensive literature that has been published since the overview of the genus given by Kain in 1979, and covers recent insights into phylogeny and taxonomy, and discusses morphotypes, ecotypes, population genetics and demography.
Journal ArticleDOI
Production and fate of kelp detritus
TL;DR: The flow of detritus between habitats is an important form of connectivity that affects regional productivity and the spatial organization of marine ecosystems and can provide a significant resource subsidy and enhance secondary production in these communities ranging from tens of meters to hundreds of kilometers from the source of production.
Book ChapterDOI
Defensive and Sensory Chemical Ecology of Brown Algae
TL;DR: This review highlights the chemical interactions of brown algae, particularly with potential herbivores, but also with fouling organisms, with potential pathogens, with each other as gametes, and with their microenvironments when they are spores.
References
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Book
Experiments in Ecology: Their Logical Design and Interpretation Using Analysis of Variance
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe how to design ecological experiments from a statistical basis using analysis of variance, so that we can draw reliable conclusions, and explain the logical procedures that lead to a need for experiments.
Journal ArticleDOI
The phenolic constituents of Prunus domestica. I.—The quantitative analysis of phenolic constituents
T. Swain,W. E. Hillis +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, methods for quantitative analysis of anthocyanins, leuco-anthocyanin, flavanols, and total phenols in plant tissue extracts are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Herbivory in relation to plant nitrogen content
TL;DR: The evidence that N is scarce and perhaps a limiting nutrient for many herbivores, and that in response to this selection pressure, many Herbivores have evolved specific behavioral, morphological, physiological, and other adaptations to cope with and uti lize the ambient N levels of their normal haunts is examined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Optimal Foraging Theory: A Critical Review
TL;DR: It follows that the proportion of individuals in a population foraging in ways that enhance their fitness will tend to increase over time, and the average foraging behavior will increasingly come to be characterized by those characteristics that enhance individual fitness.
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