Journal ArticleDOI
Fast axonal transport in squid giant axon
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TLDR
Video-enhanced contrast-differential interference contrast microscopy has revealed new features of axonal transport in the giant axon of the squid, where no movement had been detected previously by conventional microscopy.Abstract:
Video-enhanced contrast-differential interference contrast microscopy has revealed new features of axonal transport in the giant axon of the squid, where no movement had been detected previously by conventional microscopy. The newly discovered dominant feature is vast numbers of "submicroscopic" particles, probably 30- to 50-nanometer vesicles and other tubulovesicular elements, moving parallel to linear elements, primarily in the orthograde direction but also in a retrograde direction, at a range of steady velocities up to +/- 5 micrometers per second. Medium (0.2 to 0.6 micrometer) and large (0.8 micrometer) particles move more slowly and more intermittently with a tendency at times to exhibit elastic recoil. The behavior of the smallest particles and the larger particles during actual translocation suggests that the fundamental processes in the mechanisms of organelle movement in axonal transport are not saltatory but continuous.read more
Citations
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Identification of a novel force-generating protein, kinesin, involved in microtubule-based motility
Ronald D. Vale,Ronald D. Vale,Ronald D. Vale,Thomas S. Reese,Michael P. Sheetz,Michael P. Sheetz +5 more
TL;DR: The partial purification of a protein from squid giant axons and optic lobes that induces microtubule-based movements is reported and there is a homologous protein in bovine brain, for which the name kinesin is proposed.
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The Molecular Motor Toolbox for Intracellular Transport
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Axonal transport deficits and neurodegenerative diseases
TL;DR: The current state of knowledge about axonal transport defects that might contribute to the pathogenesis of particular neurodegenerative diseases are reviewed.
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Microtubules and the endoplasmic reticulum are highly interdependent structures.
TL;DR: It is concluded that microtubules and the ER are highly interdependent in two ways: polymerization of individual micro Tubules and extension of individual ER tubules occur together at the level of resolution of the fluorescence microscope, and depolymerization of micro Tubule leads to a slow retraction of the ER network towards the cell center, indicating that over longer periods of time, the extended state of the entire ER network requires the microtubule system.
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Fluorescent latex microspheres as a retrograde neuronal marker for in vivo and in vitro studies of visual cortex
TL;DR: A new class of retrograde tracer, rhodamine-labelled fluorescent latex microspheres (0.02–0.2 µm diameter), which have distinct advantages over other available tracers for in vivo and in vitro applications and open new avenues for anatomical and physiological studies of identified projection neurones in slices as well as in dissociated cell cultures.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Video-enhanced contrast, differential interference contrast (AVEC-DIC) microscopy : a new method capable of analyzing microtubule-related motility in the reticulopodial network of Allogromia laticollaris
TL;DR: Application of the AVEC-DIC microscopy method to the reticulopodial network of Allogromia has shown that cytoplasmic organelles are translocated only in contact with single microtubules or bundles of micro Tubules, and that these organelle fail to move when separated from microtubule-related motility.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fast transport of materials in mammalian nerve fibers.
TL;DR: The use of monochromatized x-radiation results in improved resolution and the freedom from satellites, and the reduced background improves the information content of the ESCA spectra significantly.
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Fast axonal transport in extruded axoplasm from squid giant axon
TL;DR: It is shown that the plasma membrane is not required for fast axonal transport and suggests that action potentials are not involved in the regulation of fast transport, making this model an important model for biochemical pharmacological, and physical manipulations of membranous organelle transport.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stable polymers of the axonal cytoskeleton: the axoplasmic ghost.
J R Morris,R J Lasek +1 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that stable polymers, such as neurofilaments, conserve cytoskeletal organization because they tend to remain polymerized, whereas soluble polymers increase the plasticity of the cytoskeleton because they permit rapid and reversible changes in cytoskesletal organization.