Feedback to the future: motor neuron contributions to central pattern generator function.
Charlotte L. Barkan,Erik Zornik +1 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
This Review discusses literature examining the role of motor neuron feedback across many taxa and behaviors, and sets out to determine the prevalence of motor neurons participation in motor circuits.Abstract:
Motor behaviors depend on neural signals in the brain. Regardless of where in the brain behavior patterns arise, the central nervous system sends projections to motor neurons, which in turn project to and control temporally appropriate muscle contractions; thus, motor neurons are traditionally considered the last relay from the central nervous system to muscles. However, in an array of species and motor systems, an accumulating body of evidence supports a more complex role of motor neurons in pattern generation. These studies suggest that motor neurons not only relay motor patterns to the periphery, but directly contribute to pattern generation by providing feedback to upstream circuitry. In spinal and hindbrain circuits in a variety of animals - including flies, worms, leeches, crustaceans, rodents, birds, fish, amphibians and mammals - studies have indicated a crucial role for motor neuron feedback in maintaining normal behavior patterns dictated by the activity of a central pattern generator. Hence, in this Review, we discuss literature examining the role of motor neuron feedback across many taxa and behaviors, and set out to determine the prevalence of motor neuron participation in motor circuits.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Generation, Coordination, and Evolution of Neural Circuits for Vocal Communication
Darcy B. Kelley,Irene H. Ballagh,Charlotte L. Barkan,Charlotte L. Barkan,Andres Bendesky,Taffeta M. Elliott,Taffeta M. Elliott,Ben J. Evans,Ben J. Evans,Ian C. Hall,Ian C. Hall,Young Mi Kwon,Ursula Kwong-Brown,Elizabeth C. Leininger,Elizabeth C. Leininger,Emilie C. Perez,Heather J. Rhodes,Avelyne S. Villain,Ayako Yamaguchi,Ayako Yamaguchi,Ayako Yamaguchi,Erik Zornik +21 more
TL;DR: Xenopus provides a vertebrate model in which to study vocal communication at many levels, from physiology, to behavior, and from development to evolution, as one of the most comprehensively studied phylogenetic groups within vertebrate vocal communication systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mass Spectrometry Quantification, Localization, and Discovery of Feeding-Related Neuropeptides in Cancer borealis.
Kellen DeLaney,Mengzhou Hu,Tessa Hellenbrand,Patsy S. Dickinson,Michael P. Nusbaum,Lingjun Li +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a multaceted mass spectrometry (MS) method was used to identify neuropeptides that differentiate the unfed and fed states in the crab Cancer borealis nervous system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Consolidated data on the phylogeny and evolution of the family Tritoniidae (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) contribute to genera reassessment and clarify the taxonomic status of the neuroscience models Tritonia and Tochuina.
TL;DR: A taxonomic review of the family Tritoniidae using integration of molecular phylogenetic analysis, morphological and biogeographical data, showing that Tochuina possesses specialized tritoniid features and also some characters of “arminacean nudibranchs”, such as Doridoxa and Heterodoris.
Journal ArticleDOI
What Is the Brainstem Control of Locomotion?
Farwa Ali,Eduardo E. Benarroch +1 more
TL;DR: Brainstem mechanisms controlling locomotion, together with indirect evidence from human electrophysiologic and functional neuroimaging studies, provides testable pathophysiologic hypotheses and potential therapeutic targets for gait control disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gap junction-mediated glycinergic inhibition ensures precise temporal patterning in vocal behavior.
TL;DR: In this article, gap junction-mediated, glycinergic inhibition that generates a period of reduced probability of motoneuron activation was shown to provide a timing mechanism for achieving synchrony and temporal precision for rapid modulation of acoustic waveforms.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Motoneurons regulate the central pattern generator during drug-induced locomotor-like activity in the neonatal mouse.
TL;DR: It is concluded that motoneurons provide feedback to the central pattern generator (CPG) during drug-induced locomotor-like activity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Axon collaterals of cat medial rectus motoneurons
Journal ArticleDOI
Noradrenaline unmasks novel self-reinforcing motor circuits within the mammalian spinal cord
David W. Machacek,Shawn Hochman +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a previously unknown recurrent excitatory pathway is unmasked and expressed during noradrenergic drive, which can alter ongoing pattern-generating motor behaviors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Perioral synaptic connections and their possible role in the feeding behavior of Hydra.
TL;DR: The concentration of sensory cells around the mouth and their complex synaptic connections with each other and with ganglion and effector cells support the hypothesis for neural control of feeding behavior in Hydra.
Journal ArticleDOI
Breathing and calling: neuronal networks in the Xenopus laevis hindbrain.
Erik Zornik,Darcy B. Kelley +1 more
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that connectivity between neurons in n.IX‐X, Ri andDTAM may provide mechanisms to generate laryngeal and glottal activity patterns and that DTAM may coordinate vocal and respiratory motor pools, perhaps acting to switch between these two mutually exclusive behaviors.