Functional Training: Muscle Structure, Function, and Performance in Older Women
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TLDR
Evaluated changes of muscle ultrastructure, muscle strength, and whole body functional performance as a result of a functionally directed exercise program (stair climbing) provide evidence that, in older women, a mild functionally based training program results in improved muscle structure and performance of the lower body.Abstract:
Response to physical training at the cellular and whole muscle level has been established in older adults. However, the underlying molecular mechanism responsible for change has not been described nor have the relationships between change in muscle structure and functional performance been established. The purpose of this research study is to evaluate the changes of muscle ultrastructure, muscle strength, and whole body functional performance as a result of a functionally directed exercise program (stair climbing). Women (65–83 years old) selected either the control (no exercise; N = 6) or exercise (N = 7) group. The 1-year functionally based exercise program was both aerobic (75% heart rate reserve) and resistive (weighted stair climbing). Muscle ultrastructure, determined by quantitative morphometry of the vastus lateralis tissue, and maximal step- height achieved by each subject were related to isokinetic strength and muscle morphology. Changes in myofibrillar area accounted for 48% of the variance in ...read more
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Exercise and physical activity for older adults
Wojtek Chodzko-Zajko,David N. Proctor,Maria A. Fiatarone Singh,Christopher T. Minson,Claudio R. Nigg,George J. Salem,James S. Skinner +6 more
TL;DR: The evidence reviewed in this Position Stand is generally consistent with prior American College of Sports Medicine statements on the types and amounts of physical activity recommended for older adults as well as the recently published 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans.
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Physical activity and functional limitations in older adults: A systematic review related to Canada's Physical Activity Guidelines.
TL;DR: Although a precise characterization of a minimal or effective physical activity dose to maintain functional independence is difficult, it appears moderate to higher levels of activity are effective and there may be a threshold of at least moderate activity for significant outcomes.
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Exercise: Effects on Physical Functional Performance in Independent Older Adults
M. Elaine Cress,David M. Buchner,David M. Buchner,Kent A. Questad,Peter C. Esselman,Barbara J. deLateur,Robert S. Schwartz +6 more
TL;DR: Independent older adults gain meaningful functional benefits from several months of exercise training, and the public health importance of physical activity may relate not just to its role in preventing decline, but also to itsrole in enhancing physical function.
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Characteristics of nondisabled older persons who perform poorly in objective tests of lower extremity function.
Luigi Ferrucci,Brenda W.J.H. Penninx,Suzanne G. Leveille,Maria Chiara Corti,Marco Pahor,Robert B. Wallace,Tamara B. Harris,Richard J. Havlik,Jack M. Guralnik +8 more
TL;DR: Using data from a representative sample of nondisabled older persons, this study identifies the diseases and biological markers that characterize this group of the population.
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Systematic review of functional training on muscle strength, physical functioning, and activities of daily living in older adults
TL;DR: Results show beneficial effects on muscle strength, balance, mobility, and activities of daily living, particularly when the training content was specific to that outcome.
References
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TL;DR: It is concluded that high-resistance weight training leads to significant gains in muscle strength, size, and functional mobility among frail residents of nursing homes up to 96 years of age.
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: The evidence that exercise improves functional status is promising, but inconclusive, and future research should systematically study how functional status effects of exercise vary with the type, intensity, and duration of exercise.