Proceedings ArticleDOI
Generating representative Web workloads for network and server performance evaluation
Paul Barford,Mark Crovella +1 more
- Vol. 26, Iss: 1, pp 151-160
TLDR
This paper applies a number of observations of Web server usage to create a realistic Web workload generation tool which mimics a set of real users accessing a server and addresses the technical challenges to satisfying this large set of simultaneous constraints on the properties of the reference stream.Abstract:
One role for workload generation is as a means for understanding how servers and networks respond to variation in load. This enables management and capacity planning based on current and projected usage. This paper applies a number of observations of Web server usage to create a realistic Web workload generation tool which mimics a set of real users accessing a server. The tool, called Surge (Scalable URL Reference Generator) generates references matching empirical measurements of 1) server file size distribution; 2) request size distribution; 3) relative file popularity; 4) embedded file references; 5) temporal locality of reference; and 6) idle periods of individual users. This paper reviews the essential elements required in the generation of a representative Web workload. It also addresses the technical challenges to satisfying this large set of simultaneous constraints on the properties of the reference stream, the solutions we adopted, and their associated accuracy. Finally, we present evidence that Surge exercises servers in a manner significantly different from other Web server benchmarks.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
CUBIC: a new TCP-friendly high-speed TCP variant
Sangtae Ha,Injong Rhee,Lisong Xu +2 more
TL;DR: The CUBIC protocol modifies the linear window growth function of existing TCP standards to be a cubic function in order to improve the scalability of TCP over fast and long distance networks.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Brief History of Generative Models for Power Law and Lognormal Distributions
TL;DR: A rich and long history is found of how lognormal distributions have arisen as a possible alternative to power law distributions across many fields, focusing on underlying generative models that lead to these distributions.
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Optimal online deterministic algorithms and adaptive heuristics for energy and performance efficient dynamic consolidation of virtual machines in Cloud data centers
Anton Beloglazov,Rajkumar Buyya +1 more
TL;DR: A competitive analysis is conducted and competitive ratios of optimal online deterministic algorithms for the single VM migration and dynamic VM consolidation problems are proved, and novel adaptive heuristics for dynamic consolidation of VMs are proposed based on an analysis of historical data from the resource usage by VMs.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Managing energy and server resources in hosting centers
TL;DR: Experimental results from a prototype confirm that the system adapts to offered load and resource availability, and can reduce server energy usage by 29% or more for a typical Web workload.
Journal ArticleDOI
An integrated experimental environment for distributed systems and networks
Brian S. White,Jay Lepreau,Leigh Stoller,Robert Ricci,Shashi Guruprasad,Mac Newbold,Mike Hibler,Chad Barb,Abhijeet Joglekar +8 more
TL;DR: The overall design and implementation of Netbed is presented and its ability to improve experimental automation and efficiency is demonstrated, leading to new methods of experimentation, including automated parameter-space studies within emulation and straightforward comparisons of simulated, emulated, and wide-area scenarios.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
On the self-similar nature of Ethernet traffic (extended version)
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Ethernet LAN traffic is statistically self-similar, that none of the commonly used traffic models is able to capture this fractal-like behavior, and that such behavior has serious implications for the design, control, and analysis of high-speed, cell-based networks.
Journal ArticleDOI
Self-similarity in World Wide Web traffic: evidence and possible causes
Mark Crovella,Azer Bestavros +1 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the self-similarity in WWW traffic can be explained based on the underlying distributions of WWW document sizes, the effects of caching and user preference in file transfer, the effect of user "think time", and the superimposition of many such transfers in a local-area network.
Journal ArticleDOI
Self-similarity in World Wide Web traffic: evidence and possible causes
Mark Crovella,Azer Bestavros +1 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the self-similarity in WWW traffic can be explained based on the underlying distributions of WWW document sizes, the effects of caching and user preference in file transfer, the effect of user "think time", and the superimposition of many such transfers in a local area network.
Journal ArticleDOI
Self-similarity through high-variability: statistical analysis of Ethernet LAN traffic at the source level
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a plausible physical explanation for the occurrence of self-similarity in local-area network (LAN) traffic, based on convergence results for processes that exhibit high variability and is supported by detailed statistical analyzes of real-time traffic measurements from Ethernet LANs at the level of individual sources.
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Self-similarity in World Wide Web traffic: evidence and possible causes
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