Journal ArticleDOI
Guidelines for daily carbohydrate intake: do athletes achieve them?
TLDR
A review of the current dietary survey literature of athletes shows that a typical male athlete achieves CHO intake within the recommended range (on a g/kg basis), and individual athletes may need nutritional education or dietary counselling to fine-tune their eating habits to meet specific CHO intake targets.Abstract:
Official dietary guidelines for athletes are unanimous in their recommendation of high carbohydrate (CHO) intakes in routine or training diets. These guidelines have been criticised on the basis of a lack of scientific support for superior training adaptations and performance, and the apparent failure of successful athletes to achieve such dietary practices. Part of the problem rests with the expression of CHO intake guidelines in terms of percentage of dietary energy. It is preferable to provide recommendations for routine CHO intake in grams (relative to the body mass of the athlete) and allow flexibility for the athlete to meet these targets within the context of their energy needs and other dietary goals. CHO intake ranges of 5 to 7 g/kg/day for general training needs and 7 to 10 g/kg/day for the increased needs of endurance athletes are suggested. The limitations of dietary survey techniques should be recognised when assessing the adequacy of the dietary practices of athletes. In particular, the errors caused by under-reporting or undereating during the period of the dietary survey must be taken into account. A review of the current dietary survey literature of athletes shows that a typical male athlete achieves CHO intake within the recommended range (on a g/kg basis). Individual athletes may need nutritional education or dietary counselling to fine-tune their eating habits to meet specific CHO intake targets. Female athletes, particularly endurance athletes, are less likely to achieve these CHO intake guidelines. This is due to chronic or periodic restriction of total energy intake in order to achieve or maintain low levels of body fat. With professional counselling, female athletes may be helped to find a balance between bodyweight control issues and fuel intake goals. Although we look to the top athletes as role models, it is understandable that many do not achieve optimal nutrition practices. The real or apparent failure of these athletes to achieve the daily CHO intakes recommended by sports nutritionists does not necessarily invalidate the benefits of meeting such guidelines. Further longitudinal studies of training adaptation and performance are needed to determine differences in the outcomes of high versus moderate CHO intakes. In the meantime, the recommendations of sports nutritionists are based on plentiful evidence that increased CHO availability enhances endurance and performance during single exercise sessions.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The IOC consensus statement: beyond the Female Athlete Triad—Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)
Margo Mountjoy,Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen,Louise M. Burke,Susan D. Carter,Naama Constantini,Constance M. Lebrun,Nanna L. Meyer,Roberta Sherman,Kathrin Steffen,Richard Budgett,Arne Ljungqvist +10 more
TL;DR: The IOC expert working group introduces a broader, more comprehensive term for the condition previously known as ‘Female Athlete Triad’, ‘Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport’ (RED-S), and recommends practical clinical models for the management of affected athletes.
Journal ArticleDOI
International Olympic Committee consensus statement on youth athletic development
Michael F. Bergeron,Margo Mountjoy,Neil Armstrong,Michael Chia,Jean Côté,Carolyn A. Emery,Avery D. Faigenbaum,Gary Hall,Susi Kriemler,Michel Leglise,Robert M. Malina,Anne Marte Pensgaard,Alex Sanchez,Torbjørn Soligard,Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen,Willem van Mechelen,Juanita R. Weissensteiner,Lars Engebretsen +17 more
TL;DR: The IOC critically evaluated the current state of science and practice of youth athlete development and presented recommendations for developing healthy, resilient and capable youth athletes, while providing opportunities for all levels of sport participation and success.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dose-response relationships between energy availability and bone turnover in young exercising women.
Rayan Ihle,Anne B. Loucks +1 more
TL;DR: Bone formation was impaired by less severe restrictions than that which increased bone resorption and military servicewomen and others may need to improve their nutrition to avoid these effects.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Framework for Understanding the Training Process Leading to Elite Performance
TL;DR: The development of performance in competition is achieved through a training process that is designed to induce automation of motor skills and enhance structural and metabolic functions to improve performance at competition time.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbohydrates and fat for training and recovery
TL;DR: Although there is new interest in the recovery of intramuscular triglyceride stores between training sessions, there is no evidence that diets which are high in fat and restricted in carbohydrate enhance training.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
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