Journal ArticleDOI
HF radar signatures of the cusp and low-latitude boundary layer
K. B. Baker,J. R. Dudeney,R. A. Greenwald,Michael Pinnock,Patrick T. Newell,Alan S. Rodger,N. Mattin,C.-I. Meng +7 more
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TLDR
In this article, an intercalibration study made using the Polar Anglo-American Conjugate Radar Experiment radars located at Goose Bay, Labrador, and Halley Station, Antarctica, and the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites is used to provide clear identifications of the ionospheric cusp and the low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL).Abstract:
Continuous ground-based observations of ionospheric and magnetospheric regions are critical to the Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) program. It is therefore important to establish clear intercalibrations between different ground-based instruments and satellites in order to clearly place the ground-based observations in context with the corresponding in situ satellite measurements. HF-radars operating at high latitudes are capable of observing very large spatial regions of the ionosphere on a nearly continuous basis. In this paper we report on an intercalibration study made using the Polar Anglo-American Conjugate Radar Experiment radars located at Goose Bay, Labrador, and Halley Station, Antarctica, and the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites. The DMSP satellite data are used to provide clear identifications of the ionospheric cusp and the low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL). The radar data for eight cusp events and eight LLBL events have been examined in order to determine a radar signature of these ionospheric regions. This intercalibration indicates that the cusp is always characterized by wide, complex Doppler power spectra, whereas the LLBL is usually found to have spectra dominated by a single component. The distribution of spectral widths in the cusp is of a generally Gaussian form with a peak at about 220 m/s. The distribution of spectral widths in the LLBL is more like an exponential distribution, with the peak of the distribution occurring at about 50 m/s. There are a few cases in the LLBL where the Doppler power spectra are strikingly similar to those observed in the cusp.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
ESR and EISCAT observations of the response of the cusp and cleft to IMF orientation changes
Ian McCrea,Mike Lockwood,Mike Lockwood,Joran Moen,F. Pitout,P. Eglitis,Alan D. Aylward,Jean-Claude Cerisier,A. Thorolfssen,Steve Milan +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, the cusp/cleft ionosphere is shown to correspond to a spatially extended region of elevated electron temperatures in the VHF radar data, consistent with the magnetic curvature force on newly opened field lines for the observed negative IMF By.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessing the contamination of SuperDARN global convection maps by non-F-region backscatter
Gareth Chisham,Michael Pinnock +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the extent to which the E-region and ground backscatter in the SuperDARN data set may be misidentified as F-region back-scatter, and assess the contamination of global convection maps which results from the addition of this non-F-regions.
Journal ArticleDOI
A comparison of SuperDARN ACF fitting methods
A. J. Ribeiro,J. M. Ruohoniemi,P. V. Ponomarenko,P. V. Ponomarenko,Lasse Boy Novock Clausen,J. B. H. Baker,R. A. Greenwald,Kjellmar Oksavik,S. de Larquier +8 more
TL;DR: Simulated data is used to assess the performance of FITACF, as well as two other newer fitting techniques, named FITEX2 and LMFIT, and find that of the algorithms tested,LMFIT provides the best overall performance in fitting the SuperDARN ACFs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Two-dimensional electric field measurements in the ionospheric footprint of a flux transfer event
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used line-of-sight Doppler velocities from the SuperDARN CUTLASS HF radar pair to produce the first two-dimensional vector measurements of the convection pattern throughout the ionospheric footprint of a flux transfer event.
Journal ArticleDOI
A reassessment of SuperDARN meteor echoes from the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere
Gareth Chisham,Mervyn P. Freeman +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a method for calibrating SuperDARN interferometer data which reduces the systematic offsets in meteor echo height estimations is presented. But it is not practical to estimate the height of individual meteor echoes without interferometric information.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
DARN/SUPERDARN : A global view of the dynamics of high-latitude convection
R. A. Greenwald,K. B. Baker,J. R. Dudeney,Michael Pinnock,T. B. Jones,E. C. Thomas,Jean-Paul Villain,Jean-Claude Cerisier,C. Senior,C. Hanuise,R. D. Hunsucker,George J. Sofko,James A. Koehler,Erling Nielsen,R. J. Pellinen,Anthony Walker,N. Saot,H. Yamagishi +17 more
TL;DR: The Dual Auroral Radar Network (DARN) is a global-scale network of HF and VHF radars capable of sensing backscatter from ionospheric irregularities in the E and F-regions of the high-latitude ionosphere as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
A new magnetic coordinate system for conjugate studies at high latitudes
K. B. Baker,Simon Wing +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a variation on the corrected geomagnetic coordinate system that is well defined and smooth over the entire globe, and provided an analytic expression relating geographic coordinates, including altitude, to the magnetic coordinates.
Journal ArticleDOI
The frontside boundary layer of the magnetosphere and the problem of reconnection
TL;DR: In this article, Heos 2 plasma and magnetic field data obtained in the frontside boundary layers of the magnetosphere are presented, revealing that the low-latitude extension of the entry layer is of a somewhat different nature.
Journal ArticleDOI
The cusp and the cleft/boundary layer: Low-altitude identification and statistical local time variation
Patrick T. Newell,Ching-I. Meng +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the distinction between the low-altitude cusp and the cleft (with the latter identified as the ionospheric signature of low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL)) on both a statistical and a case study basis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mapping the dayside ionosphere to the magnetosphere according to particle precipitation characteristics
Patrick T. Newell,Ching-I. Meng +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a complementary approach is tried: regions are identified based on the plasma characteristics as observed by low-altitude satellites using an automated identification scheme applied to approximately 60,000 individual satellite passes through the dayside oval, probability maps are computed for observing various types of plasma precipitating into the ionosphere.
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