How common are common mental disorders? Evidence that lifetime prevalence rates are doubled by prospective versus retrospective ascertainment.
Terrie E. Moffitt,Avshalom Caspi,A. Taylor,Jesse Kokaua,Barry J. Milne,Guilherme V. Polanczyk,Richie Poulton +6 more
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TLDR
Prospective longitudinal studies complement retrospective surveys by providing unique information about lifetime prevalence, suggesting the experience of at least one episode of DSM-defined disorder during a lifetime may be far more common in the population than previously thought.Abstract:
BackgroundMost information about the lifetime prevalence of mental disorders comes from retrospective surveys, but how much these surveys have undercounted due to recall failure is unknown. We compared results from a prospective study with those from retrospective studies.MethodThe representative 1972–1973 Dunedin New Zealand birth cohort (n=1037) was followed to age 32 years with 96% retention, and compared to the national New Zealand Mental Health Survey (NZMHS) and two US National Comorbidity Surveys (NCS and NCS-R). Measures were research diagnoses of anxiety, depression, alcohol dependence and cannabis dependence from ages 18 to 32 years.ResultsThe prevalence of lifetime disorder to age 32 was approximately doubled in prospective as compared to retrospective data for all four disorder types. Moreover, across disorders, prospective measurement yielded a mean past-year-to-lifetime ratio of 38% whereas retrospective measurement yielded higher mean past-year-to-lifetime ratios of 57% (NZMHS, NCS-R) and 65% (NCS).ConclusionsProspective longitudinal studies complement retrospective surveys by providing unique information about lifetime prevalence. The experience of at least one episode of DSM-defined disorder during a lifetime may be far more common in the population than previously thought. Research should ask what this means for etiological theory, construct validity of the DSM approach, public perception of stigma, estimates of the burden of disease and public health policy.read more
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The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010
Hans-Ulrich Wittchen,Frank Jacobi,Jürgen Rehm,Jürgen Rehm,Anders Gustavsson,Mikael Svensson,Bengt Jönsson,Jes Olesen,Christer Allgulander,Jordi Alonso,Carlo Faravelli,Laura Fratiglioni,Poul Jennum,Roselind Lieb,Andreas Maercker,J. van Os,Martin Preisig,Luis Salvador-Carulla,Roland Simon,Hans-Christoph Steinhausen,Hans-Christoph Steinhausen,Hans-Christoph Steinhausen +21 more
TL;DR: The true size and burden of disorders of the brain in the EU was significantly underestimated in the past, and Concerted priority action is needed at all levels, including substantially increased funding for basic, clinical and public health research and policy decisions.
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Burden of depressive disorders by country, sex, age, and year: findings from the global burden of disease study 2010
Alize J. Ferrari,Fiona J Charlson,Rosana E. Norman,Rosana E. Norman,Scott B. Patten,Greg Freedman,Christopher J L Murray,Theo Vos,Theo Vos,Harvey Whiteford,Harvey Whiteford +10 more
TL;DR: The authors present severity proportions; burden by country, region, age, sex, and year; as well as burden of depressive disorders as a risk factor for suicide and ischemic heart disease.
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The epidemiology of depression across cultures
TL;DR: Cross-national data are clear in documenting meaningful lifetime prevalence with wide variation in age-of-onset and high risk of lifelong chronic-recurrent persistence of major depression.
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Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
Ronald C. Kessler,Katie A. McLaughlin,Jennifer Greif Green,Michael J. Gruber,Nancy A. Sampson,Alan M. Zaslavsky,Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola,Ali Al-Hamzawi,Jordi Alonso,Matthias C. Angermeyer,Corina Benjet,Evelyn J. Bromet,Somnath Chatterji,Giovanni de Girolamo,Koen Demyttenaere,John Fayyad,Silvia Florescu,Gilad Gal,Oye Gureje,Josep Maria Haro,Chiyi Hu,Elie G. Karam,Norito Kawakami,Sing Lee,Jean-Pierre Lépine,Johan Ormel,Jose Posada-Villa,Rajesh Sagar,Adley Tsang,Bedirhan Üstün,Svetlozar Vassilev,Maria Carmen Viana,Daniel R. Williams +32 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined joint associations of 12 childhood adversities with first onset of 20 DSM-IV disorders in World Mental Health Surveys in 21 countries and found strong associations with all classes of disorders at all life-course stages.
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The global prevalence of common mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis 1980–2013
Zachary Steel,Claire Marnane,Changiz Iranpour,Tien Chey,John W. Jackson,Vikram Patel,Derrick Silove +6 more
TL;DR: Despite a substantial degree of inter-survey heterogeneity in the meta-analysis, the findings confirm that common mental disorders are highly prevalent globally, affecting people across all regions of the world.
References
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Vijay A. Mittal,Elaine F. Walker +1 more
TL;DR: An issue concerning the criteria for tic disorders is highlighted, and how this might affect classification of dyskinesias in psychotic spectrum disorders.
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Lifetime Prevalence and Age-of-Onset Distributions of DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Ronald C. Kessler,Patricia A. Berglund,Olga Demler,Robert Jin,Kathleen R. Merikangas,Ellen E. Walters +5 more
TL;DR: Lifetime prevalence estimates are higher in recent cohorts than in earlier cohorts and have fairly stable intercohort differences across the life course that vary in substantively plausible ways among sociodemographic subgroups.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lifetime and 12-Month Prevalence of DSM-III-R Psychiatric Disorders in the United States: Results From the National Comorbidity Survey
Ronald C. Kessler,Katherine A. McGonagle,Shanyang Zhao,Christopher B. Nelson,Michael R. Hughes,Suzann Eshleman,Hans-Ulrich Wittchen,Kenneth S. Kendler +7 more
TL;DR: The prevalence of psychiatric disorders is greater than previously thought to be the case, and morbidity is more highly concentrated than previously recognized in roughly one sixth of the population who have a history of three or more comorbid disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prevalence, Severity, and Comorbidity of 12-Month DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
TL;DR: Although mental disorders are widespread, serious cases are concentrated among a relatively small proportion of cases with high comorbidity, as shown in the recently completed US National Comorbidities Survey Replication.