Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Coinfection: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Challenges.
Raj H. Patel,Arpan Acharya,Hitendra S. Chand,Mahesh Mohan,Siddappa N. Byrareddy,Siddappa N. Byrareddy +5 more
TLDR
A systematic review of the literature reporting cases of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection, and examine trends of clinical outcomes among coinfected patients is presented in this article.Abstract:
The concurrence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), presents an intriguing problem with many uncertainties underlying their pathogenesis. Despite over 96.2 million cases of COVID-19 worldwide as of January 22, 2021, reports of patients coinfected with HIV and SARS-CoV-2 are scarce. It remains unknown whether HIV patients are at a greater risk of infection from SARS-CoV-2, despite their immunocompromised status. We present a systematic review of the literature reporting cases of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection, and examine trends of clinical outcomes among coinfected patients. We systematically compiled 63 reports of HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection, published as of January 22, 2021. These studies were retrieved through targeted search terms applied to PubMed/Medline and manual search. Despite scattered evidence, reports indicate a favorable prognosis for HIV patients with strict adherence to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). However, the presence of comorbidities was associated with a poorer prognosis in HIV/SARS-CoV-2 patients, despite cART and viral suppression. Studies were limited by geographic coverage, small sample size, lack of patient details, and short follow-up durations. Although some anti-HIV drugs have shown promising in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2, there is no conclusive evidence of the clinical efficacy of any anti-HIV drug in the treatment of COVID-19. Further research is needed to explain the under-representation of severe COVID-19 cases among the HIV patient population and to explore the possible protective mechanisms of cART in this vulnerable population.read more
Citations
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Tenofovir, Another Inexpensive, Well-Known and Widely Available Old Drug Repurposed for SARS-COV-2 Infection
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the currently available evidence on tenofovir's efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection and conclude that it is not the only antiviral medication approved for COVID-19.
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HIV infection and risk of COVID-19 mortality: A meta-analysis.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper performed a meta-analysis to estimate the association of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality.
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Global and Regional Prevalence and Outcomes of COVID-19 in People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
TL;DR: Although there is a low prevalence of PLWH among CO VID-19 cases, HIV infection may increase the severity of COVID-19 in Africa and increase the risk of death globally.
HIV and COVID-19: review of clinical course and outcomes
Lauren K Barbera,Kevin F Kamis,Sarah E Rowan,Amelia J Davis,Soraya Shehata,Jesse J Carlson,Steven C. Johnson,Kristine M. Erlandson +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted a search of PubMed, Scopus, pre-print databases (medRxiv, bioRXiv), and references of publications found using key terms relevant to COVID-19 ('COVID-18' or 'SARS-CoV-2' OR 'coronavirus') and to HIV ('HIV' OR "Human Immunodeficiency Virus' OR ''AIDS' OR Acquired Immunoviciency Syndrome').
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Immune Response to COVID-19 and mRNA Vaccination in Immunocompromised Individuals: A Narrative Review
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors synthesized available data on the immune response to COVID-19 and critically assessed mRNA CoV-19 vaccine immunogenicity in this vulnerable subpopulation.
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Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial.
Yeming Wang,Yeming Wang,Dingyu Zhang,Guanhua Du,Ronghui Du,Jianping Zhao,Yang Jin,Shouzhi Fu,Ling Gao,Zhenshun Cheng,Qiaofa Lu,Yi Hu,Guangwei Luo,Ke Wang,Yang Lu,Huadong Li,Shuzhen Wang,Shunan Ruan,Chengqing Yang,Chunlin Mei,Yi Wang,Dan Ding,Feng Wu,Xin Tang,Xianzhi Ye,Yingchun Ye,Bing Liu,Jie Yang,Wen Yin,Aili Wang,Guohui Fan,Fei Zhou,Zhibo Liu,Xiaoying Gu,Jiuyang Xu,Lianhan Shang,Lianhan Shang,Yi Zhang,Lianjun Cao,Guo Tingting,Yan Wan,Hong Qin,Yushen Jiang,Thomas Jaki,Thomas Jaki,Frederick G. Hayden,Peter Horby,Bin Cao,Chen Wang +48 more
TL;DR: In this study of adult patients admitted to hospital for severe COVID-19, remdesivir was not associated with statistically significant clinical benefits, however, the numerical reduction in time to clinical improvement in those treated earlier requires confirmation in larger studies.