Journal ArticleDOI
Immune evasion by staphylococci
TLDR
Staphylococcus aureus can cause superficial skin infections and, occasionally, deep-seated infections that entail spread through the blood stream, and must rely primarily on cell-surface polymers and the ability to form a biolfilm to survive in the host.Abstract:
Staphylococcus aureus can cause superficial skin infections and, occasionally, deep-seated infections that entail spread through the blood stream. The organism expresses several factors that compromise the effectiveness of neutrophils and macrophages, the first line of defence against infection. S. aureus secretes proteins that inhibit complement activation and neutrophil chemotaxis or that lyse neutrophils, neutralizes antimicrobial defensin peptides, and its cell surface is modified to reduce their effectiveness. The organism can survive in phagosomes, express polysaccharides and proteins that inhibit opsonization by antibody and complement, and its cell wall is resistant to lysozyme. Furthermore, S. aureus expresses several types of superantigen that corrupt the normal humoral immune response, resulting in anergy and immunosuppression. In contrast, Staphylococcus epidermidis must rely primarily on cell-surface polymers and the ability to form a biolfilm to survive in the host.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Staphylococcus aureus Infections: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Management
TL;DR: This review comprehensively covers the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management of S. aureus as a leading cause of bacteremia and infective endocarditis as well as osteoarticular, skin and soft tissue, pleuropulmonary, and device-related infections.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bacteriophage resistance mechanisms.
TL;DR: This Review highlights the most important antiviral mechanisms of bacteria as well as the counter-attacks used by phages to evade these systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: epidemiology and clinical consequences of an emerging epidemic.
Michael Z. David,Robert S. Daum +1 more
TL;DR: This review details the epidemiology of CA-MRSA strains and the clinical spectrum of infectious syndromes associated with them that ranges from a commensal state to severe, overwhelming infection and addresses the therapy of these infections and strategies for their prevention.
Journal ArticleDOI
Community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
TL;DR: A review of the most up-to-date knowledge and a perspective for the future prophylaxis or new treatments for CA-MRSA infections is provided in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Implant infections: adhesion, biofilm formation and immune evasion
TL;DR: The fundamental pathogenic mechanisms underlying implant infections are explored, highlighting orthopaedic implants and Staphylococcus aureus as a prime example, and innovative targets for preventive and therapeutic strategies are discussed.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Bacterial biofilms : A common cause of persistent infections
TL;DR: Improvements in understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of bacterial community behavior point to therapeutic targets that may provide a means for the control of biofilm infections.
Journal ArticleDOI
Staphylococcus aureus infections.
TL;DR: In an elegant series of clinical observations and laboratory studies published in 1880 and 1882, Ogston described staphylococcal disease and its role in sepsis and abscess formation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antimicrobial peptides: pore formers or metabolic inhibitors in bacteria?
TL;DR: In this review the different models of antimicrobial-peptide-induced pore formation and cell killing are presented and several observations suggest that translocated peptides can alter cytoplasmic membrane septum formation, inhibit cell-wall synthesis, inhibit nucleic-acid synthesis, inhibits protein synthesis or inhibit enzymatic activity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Involvement of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin—Producing Staphylococcus aureus in Primary Skin Infections and Pneumonia
Gerard Lina,Yves Piémont,Florence Godail-Gamot,Michèle Bes,Marie Odile Peter,Valérie Gauduchon,François Vandenesch,Jerome Etienne +7 more
TL;DR: Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes were detected in 93% of strains associated with furunculosis and in 85% of those associated with severe necrotic hemorrhagic pneumonia (all community-acquired), and it appears that PVL is mainly associated with nec rotic lesions involving the skin or mucosa.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nasal Carriage as a Source of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined S. aureus isolates from blood and from nasal specimens to determine whether the organisms in the bloodstream originated from the patient's own flora.