Incidence and risk patterns of anxiety and depressive disorders and categorization of generalized anxiety disorder.
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TLDR
Anxiety and depressive disorders appear to differ with regard to risk constellations and temporal longitudinal patterns, and GAD is a heterogeneous disorder that is, overall, more closely related to other anxiety disorders than to depressive disorders.Abstract:
Context: Controversy surrounds the diagnostic categorization of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Objectives: To examine the incidence, comorbidity, and risk patterns for anxiety and depressive disorders and to test whether developmental features of GAD more strongly support a view of this condition as a depressive as opposed to an anxiety disorder. Design: Face-to-face, 10-year prospective longitudinal and family study with as many as 4 assessment waves. The DSM-IV Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview was administered by clinically trained interviewers. Setting: Munich, Germany. Participants: A community sample of 3021 individuals aged 14 to 24 years at baseline and 21 to 34 years at last follow-up. Main Outcome Measures: Cumulative incidence of GAD, other anxiety disorders (specific phobias, social phobia, agoraphobia, and panic disorder), and depressive disorders (major depressive disorder, and dysthymia). Results: Longitudinal associations between GAD and depressive disorders are not stronger than those between GAD and anxiety disorders or between other anxiety and depressive disorders. Survival analyses reveal that the factors associated with GAD overlap more strongly with those specific to anxiety disorders than those specific to depressive disorders. In addition, GAD differs from anxiety and depressive disorders with regard to family climate and personality profiles. Conclusions: Anxiety and depressive disorders appear to differ with regard to risk constellations and temporal longitudinal patterns, and GAD is a heterogeneous disorder that is, overall, more closely related to other anxiety disorders than to depressive disorders. More work is needed to elucidate the potentially unique aspects of pathways and mechanisms involved in the etiopathogenesis of GAD. Grouping GAD with depressive disorders, as suggested by cross-sectional features and diagnostic comorbidity patterns, minimizes the importance of longitudinal data on risk factors and symptom trajectories.read more
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The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010
Hans-Ulrich Wittchen,Frank Jacobi,Jürgen Rehm,Jürgen Rehm,Anders Gustavsson,Mikael Svensson,Bengt Jönsson,Jes Olesen,Christer Allgulander,Jordi Alonso,Carlo Faravelli,Laura Fratiglioni,Poul Jennum,Roselind Lieb,Andreas Maercker,J. van Os,Martin Preisig,Luis Salvador-Carulla,Roland Simon,Hans-Christoph Steinhausen,Hans-Christoph Steinhausen,Hans-Christoph Steinhausen +21 more
TL;DR: The true size and burden of disorders of the brain in the EU was significantly underestimated in the past, and Concerted priority action is needed at all levels, including substantially increased funding for basic, clinical and public health research and policy decisions.
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Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Developmental Issues and Implications for DSM-V
TL;DR: Epidemiological evidence covering prevalence, incidence, course, and risk factors of anxiety disorders among children and adolescents is reviewed for improved early recognition and differential diagnosis as well as prevention and treatment.
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Cost of disorders of the brain in Europe 2010
Anders Gustavsson,Mikael Svensson,Frank Jacobi,Christer Allgulander,Jordi Alonso,Ettore Beghi,R. Dodel,Mattias Ekman,Carlo Faravelli,Laura Fratiglioni,Brenda Gannon,David P.H. Jones,Poul Jennum,Albena Jordanova,Linus Jönsson,Korinna Karampampa,Martin Knapp,Martin Knapp,Gisela Kobelt,Tobias Kurth,Roselind Lieb,Mattias Linde,Christina Ljungcrantz,Andreas Maercker,Beatrice Melin,Massimo Moscarelli,Amir Musayev,Fiona Norwood,Martin Preisig,Maura Pugliatti,Juergen Rehm,Luis Salvador-Carulla,Brigitte Schlehofer,Roland Simon,Hans-Christoph Steinhausen,Lars Jacob Stovner,Jean-Michel Vallat,Peter Van den Bergh,Jim van Os,Jim van Os,Pieter E. Vos,Weili Xu,Hans-Ulrich Wittchen,Bengt Jönsson,Jes Olesen +44 more
TL;DR: The present report presents much improved cost estimates for the total cost of disorders of the brain in Europe in 2010, covering 19 major groups of disorders, 7 more than previously, of an increased range of age groups and more cost items.
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Global prevalence of anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-regression
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Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders
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TL;DR: These guidelines were developed by Canadian experts in anxiety and related disorders through a consensus process based on global impression of efficacy, effectiveness, and side effects, using a modified version of the periodic health examination guidelines.
References
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Vijay A. Mittal,Elaine F. Walker +1 more
TL;DR: An issue concerning the criteria for tic disorders is highlighted, and how this might affect classification of dyskinesias in psychotic spectrum disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lifetime Prevalence and Age-of-Onset Distributions of DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Ronald C. Kessler,Patricia A. Berglund,Olga Demler,Robert Jin,Kathleen R. Merikangas,Ellen E. Walters +5 more
TL;DR: Lifetime prevalence estimates are higher in recent cohorts than in earlier cohorts and have fairly stable intercohort differences across the life course that vary in substantively plausible ways among sociodemographic subgroups.