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Inductive Reasoning and Bounded Rationality
TLDR
The type of rationality we assume in economics, perfect, logical, deductive rationality, is extremely useful in generating solutions to theoretical problems as mentioned in this paper. But it demands much of human behavior, much more in fact than it can usually deliver.Abstract:
The type of rationality we assume in economics--perfect, logical, deductive rationality--is extremely useful in generating solutions to theoretical problems. But it demands much of human behavior--much more in fact than it can usually deliver. If we were to imagine the vast collection of decision problems economic agents might conceivably deal with as a sea or an ocean, with the easier problems on top and more complicated ones at increasing depth, then deductive rationality would describe human behavior accurately only within a few feet of the surface. For example, the game Tic-Tac-Toe is simple, and we can readily find a perfectly rational, minimax solution to it. But we do not find rational "solutions" at the depth of Checkers; and certainly not at the still modest depths of Chess and Go.read more
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Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications
TL;DR: This chapter discusses Fuzzy Systems Simulation, specifically the development of Membership Functions and the Extension Principle, and some of the methods used to derive these functions.
Book
Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart
Gerd Gigerenzer,Peter M. Todd +1 more
TL;DR: Fast and frugal heuristics as discussed by the authors are simple rules for making decisions with realistic mental resources and can enable both living organisms and artificial systems to make smart choices, classifications, and predictions by employing bounded rationality.
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Evolutionary games on graphs
György Szabó,Gábor Fáth +1 more
TL;DR: The major theme of the review is in what sense and how the graph structure of interactions can modify and enrich the picture of long term behavioral patterns emerging in evolutionary games.
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How to Solve It: Modern Heuristics
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a set of heuristics for solving problems with probability and statistics, including the Traveling Salesman Problem and the Problem of Who Owns the Zebra.
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Influentials, Networks, and Public Opinion Formation
TL;DR: The authors examined the influence of influential individuals in the formation of public opinion and found that large cascades of influence are driven not by influential individuals but by a critical mass of easily influenced individuals.
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Scripts, Plans, Goals, and Understanding: An Inquiry into Human Knowledge Structures
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Scripts, plans, goals and understanding: an inquiry into human knowledge structures
TL;DR: Schank and Abelson as mentioned in this paper analyzed the conceptual apparatus necessary to perform even a partial feat of understanding, and their analysis of this apparatus is what is what this book is about.
BookDOI
Thought and choice in chess
TL;DR: In this article, the authors did an experimental study in 1938, to which famous chessmasters participated (Alekhine, Max Euwe and Flohr), and the results showed that a chessmaster is highly organized and uses methods and strategies to solve his problem of choice.
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Schemata: The building blocks of cognition
TL;DR: Schemata are active computational devices capable of evaluating the quality of their own fit to the available data as discussed by the authors and are employed in the process of interpreting sensory data, in retrieving information from memory, in organizing actions, in determining goals and subgoals, in allocating resources, and, generally, in guiding the flow of processing in the system.
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Theories of Learning
TL;DR: The Nature of Learning Theory and Recent Developments in Cognitive Theories are presented.