Is the eye-movement field confused about fixations and saccades? A survey among 124 researchers.
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TLDR
Researchers are urged to make their definitions of fixations and saccades more explicit by specifying all the relevant components of the eye movement under investigation, to enable eye-movement researchers from different fields to have a discussion without misunderstandings.Abstract:
Eye movements have been extensively studied in a wide range of research fields While new methods such as mobile eye tracking and eye tracking in virtual/augmented realities are emerging quickly, the eye-movement terminology has scarcely been revised We assert that this may cause confusion about two of the main concepts: fixations and saccades In this study, we assessed the definitions of fixations and saccades held in the eye-movement field, by surveying 124 eye-movement researchers These eye-movement researchers held a variety of definitions of fixations and saccades, of which the breadth seems even wider than what is reported in the literature Moreover, these definitions did not seem to be related to researcher background or experience We urge researchers to make their definitions more explicit by specifying all the relevant components of the eye movement under investigation: (i) the oculomotor component: eg whether the eye moves slow or fast; (ii) the functional component: what purposes does the eye movement (or lack thereof) serve; (iii) the coordinate system used: relative to what does the eye move; (iv) the computational definition: how is the event represented in the eye-tracker signal This should enable eye-movement researchers from different fields to have a discussion without misunderstandingsread more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Improving visual behavior research in communication science: An overview, review, and reporting recommendations for using eye-tracking methods
TL;DR: Information is provided on eye tracking in hopes of improving the quality and reporting of eye-tracking research in communication science and some ideas about how eye tracking might be integrated into scholarly work moving forward are provided.
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The impact of slippage on the data quality of head-worn eye trackers
Diederick C Niehorster,Thiago Santini,Roy S. Hessels,Ignace T. C. Hooge,Enkelejda Kasneci,Marcus Nyström +5 more
TL;DR: The tested eye-tracking setups may not be suitable for investigating gaze behavior when high accuracy is required, such as during face-to-face interaction scenarios, and it is recommended that users of mobile head-worn eye trackers perform similar tests with their setups to become aware of its characteristics.
Journal ArticleDOI
A new comprehensive eye-tracking test battery concurrently evaluating the Pupil Labs glasses and the EyeLink 1000.
TL;DR: An extensive eye-tracking test battery is developed that offers 10 tasks that allow us to benchmark the many parameters of interest in stereotypical eye- tracking situations and addresses a common source of confounds in measurement errors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gaze-in-wild: A dataset for studying eye and head coordination in everyday activities.
TL;DR: A subsequent analysis of feature significance in the best performing model revealed that classification can be done using only the magnitudes of eye and head movements, potentially removing the need for calibration between the head and eye tracking systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Eye tracking: empirical foundations for a minimal reporting guideline
Kenneth Holmqvist,Saga Lee Örbom,Ignace T. C. Hooge,Diederick C Niehorster,Robert G. Alexander,Richard Andersson,Jeroen S. Benjamins,Pieter Blignaut,Anne-Marie Brouwer,Lewis L. Chuang,Kirsten A. Dalrymple,Denis Drieghe,Matthew Dunn,Ulrich Ettinger,Susann Fiedler,Tom Foulsham,Jos N. van der Geest,Dan Witzner Hansen,Samuel B Hutton,Enkelejda Kasneci,Alan Kingstone,Paul C. Knox,Ellen Kok,Helena Lee,Joy Yeonjoo Lee,Jukka M. Leppänen,Stephen L. Macknik,Päivi Majaranta,Susana Martinez-Conde,Antje Nuthmann,Marcus Nyström,Jacob L. Orquin,Jorge Otero-Millan,Soon Young Park,Stanislav Popelka,Frank A Proudlock,Frank Renkewitz,Austin Roorda,Michael Schulte-Mecklenbeck,Bonita Sharif,Frederick Shic,Mark Shovman,Mervyn G Thomas,Ward Venrooij,Raimondas Zemblys,Roy S. Hessels +45 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors present a review of how the various aspects of any study using an eye tracker (such as the instrument, methodology, environment, participant, etc.) affect the quality of the recorded eye-tracking data and the obtained eye-movement and gaze measures.
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