LA-1
331
3-111s
Los
Alamos
NATIONAL LABORATORY
KIVA-3V:
A
Block-Structured
KIVA
Program
for Engines
with
Vertical or Canted Valves
Los Alamos National Laboratory
is
operated by the University of California for the United States Department of Energy under contract
W-7405-ENG-36.
This work was supported
by
the US Department
of
Energy, Energy
Efficiency
and
Renewable Energy, Ofice
of
Transportation Technologies
and
Office
of
Utility Technologies.
Cover photos: Pictured here is a KIVA3V calculation of a modern,
high-performance 4-valve gasoline engine with a pentroof combustion
chamber. This is a cold-flow
run
at 1600 rpm, with a constant 98-kPA
manifold pressure. The cross-sectional views are through one intake
valve (left side of each picture) and one exhaust valve (right side of
each picture). Because the intake and exhaust valves
in
this engine
share the same physical space at different times in the engine cycle, the
structured computing mesh must be continually adjusted to conform to
the current valve configuration. The white lines show the mesh at the
two
extremes: when the intake valves are fully open
(103"
crank angle)
and, later, when the exhaust valves are fully open (609" crank angle).
The curved lines cutting through the ports are fictitious. Plotted
in
color is the turbulent kinetic energy. At 103", the highest turbulence
levels induced in the cylinder by the incoming flow around the valve
occur both off the near-side top surface
and
the far edge of the valve.
At 609", the highest turbulence values are confined to the exhaust port.
The initial computing mesh was created by the
K3PREP
parametric
grid generator. The color plots were drawn with the General Mesh
Viewer (GMV) graphics postprocessor, a public-domain program
written at
Los
Alamos National Laboratory.
An Affirmative Action/Equal
Opportiinity
Employer
This report was prepared as
an
account of work sponsored
by
an agency of the United States
Government. Neither The Regents
of
the Untuersity
of
Calqomia, the United States
Government
nor
any agency thereof,
nor
any of their employees, makes any warranty, express
or
implied,
or
assumes any legal liability
or
responsibility for the accuracy, completeness,
or
usefulness
of
any information, apparatus, product,
or
process disclosed,
or
represents that its
use would not infnnge privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial
product, process,
or
service
by
trade name, trademark, manufacturer,
or
otherwise, does not
necessarily constitute
or
imply its endorsement, recommendation,
or
favoring
by
The Regents
of the University of Calfornia, the United States Government,
or
any agency thereof.
The
views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state
or
reflect those of
The Regents of the University
of
Calqomia, the United States Government,
or
any agen cy
thereof.
Los
Alamos National Laboratory strongly supports academicfreedom and
a
researcher's right
to
publish;
as
an institution, however, the Laboratory does
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viewpoint of
a
publication
or
guarantee its technical correctness.
LA-1 331
3-MS
UC-2412
Issued:
July
1997
KIVA-3V:
A
Block-Structured KIVA Program
for
Engines with Vertical
or
Canted Valves
Anthony
A.
Amsden
DISTRIBUTION
OF
THIS
DOCUMENT
IS
UNLIMITED
kF
LosAlamos
0
NATIONAL LABORATORY
Los
Alamos,
New
Mexico
87545
Portions
of
this
document
may
be
illegible
in
dectronic
image
products,
Images
are
pmduced
from
the
best
available
original
document.
CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
....................................................................................................................
1
I
.
I1
.
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
......................................................
2
THE
KIVA3V PROGRAM
................................................................................
5
A
.
B
.
Storage of Cell Data
.................................................................................
5
Input and Output Files
.........................................................................
10
III
.
THE KIVA3V VALVE MODEL
......................................................................
11
A
.
B
.
C
.
D
.
E
.
F
.
G
.
H
.
Valve Data in File ITAPE17
..................................................................
11
Valve Data in File ITAPE5
....................................................................
13
Valve Lift Data: File ITAPE18
.............................................................
13
Valve Movement
....................................................................................
13
Valve Snapping
......................................................................................
14
Valve Closing and Opening
.................................................................
14
Grid Generation with Valves
...............................................................
27
Valve Grids and Continuous Rezoning
.............................................
15
IV
.
EXAMPLES WITH VERTICAL AND CANTED VALVES
..........................
28
A
.
Vertical Valves
.......................................................................................
28
B
.
OHV Engine with Wedge Combustion Chamber and
2
Valves
.....
32
C
.
D
.
DOHC Asymmetric Pentroof Engine
.................................................
41
DOHC Pentroof Engine (Lift Paths Overlap)
....................................
37
V
.
MESH
GENERATION
......................................................................................
45
A
.
File ITAPEl7
...........................................................................................
45
B
.
K3PREP: Extensions to the IPREP File
..............................................
46
1
.
2
.
3
.
4
.
5
.
6
.
7
.
8
.
9
.
10
.
11
.
12
.
13
.
14
.
15
.
16
.
.Block Identification and Ghost Blocks
....................................
46
Block Copying
............................................................................
47
Flag Cylinder Vertices to Tilt
...................................................
47
Flag Central Pentroof Vertices
.................................................
48
Flag Vertices Around Wedge Top
...........................................
48
Block Translation
.......................................................................
48
Localized Geometry Refinement
.............................................
48
Pentroof (x.
y)
Coordinates
......................................................
49
Shaping of the Valve Ports
.......................................................
50
Shaping Runners
........................................................................
50
Joining Pairs of Runners
...........................................................
50
Block Patching
............................................................................
50
Relaxing the Interior
of
the Piston Bowl
................................
51
Valve Profiling
...........................................................................
51
a
.
Valve Tops
.............................................................................
51
Moving Boundary Identification
.............................................
47
Block Reshaping
........................................................................
49