Journal ArticleDOI
Low levels of awareness, vaccine coverage, and the need for boosters among health care workers in tertiary care hospitals in India.
Sukriti,Nirupma Trehan Pati,Ankur Sethi,Kireet Agrawal,Kamal Agrawal,G. Kumar,Manoj Kumar,Anjur Tupil Kaanan,Shiv Kumar Sarin +8 more
TLDR
This study investigated the vaccination practices and the prevalence of HBV infection in HCWs in India and found that a proportion of HCWs never get vaccinated.Abstract:
Background and Aim: The risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection through exposure to blood or its products is highest amongst health care workers (HCWs). Despite potential risks, a proportion of HCWs never get vaccinated. India is second to China in the numbers of people with chronic HBV. This study aimed to investigate the vaccination practices and the prevalence of HBV infection in HCWs in India. Methods: A total of 2162 HCWs were screened for the presence of serological markers of HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Occult HBV infection was tested by detection of HBV-DNA for surface and core regions by nested polymerase chain reaction in HBsAg-negative and IgG anti-hepatitis core antigen-positive subjects. Results: Only 1198 (55.4%) of the 2162 HCWs screened had been vaccinated; and 964 (44.6%) were not vaccination-status conscious; of these HCWs, 600 (27.7%) had never been vaccinated and 364 (16.4%) were unaware of their vaccination status. Protective (> 10 IU/mL) anti-hepatitis B surface (anti-HBs) antigen titers were seen in only 61.7%. The anti-HBs titers were found to be lower with the passage of time; the median anti-HBs titers in subjects who were vaccinated > 10 years ago were significantly lower than those who had been vaccinated 10 IU/mL. Conclusions: Even today, 28% HCWs in India are unvaccinated and 17% are unaware of their vaccination status. This data suggests that use of hepatitis B immune globulin be mandatory in needle-pricked HCWs in India, and that implementation of awareness strategies is urgent. Since the anti-HBs titers decline in a fair proportion, there is justification for giving a booster dose of vaccine 10 years after primary vaccination to HCWs in India.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Global epidemiology and genotype distribution of the hepatitis C virus infection
TL;DR: The total number of HCV infections reported here are lower than previous estimates, and the exclusion of data from earlier studies conducted at the peak of the HCV epidemic, along with adjustments for reduced prevalence among children, are likely contributors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission.
Shiv Kumar Sarin,Manoj Kumar,Mohammed Eslam,Jacob George,Mamun Al Mahtab,Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Akbar,Jidong Jia,Qiuju Tian,Rakesh Aggarwal,David H. Muljono,Masao Omata,Yoshihiko Ooka,Kwang Hyub Han,Hye Won Lee,Wasim Jafri,Amna Subhan Butt,Chern H. Chong,Seng Gee Lim,Seng Gee Lim,R.F. Pwu,Ding-Shinn Chen,Ding-Shinn Chen +21 more
TL;DR: Efforts to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat, together with the rapid increase in per-capita alcohol consumption in countries and the epidemic of obesity, are expected to change the spectrum of liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region in the near future.
Journal ArticleDOI
Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in select countries - volume 3.
Vivek A. Saraswat,Suzanne Norris,R.J. de Knegt,J. F. Sanchez Avila,Mark W. Sonderup,Eli Zuckerman,Perttu Arkkila,Catherine A.M. Stedman,Subrat K. Acharya,Inka Aho,Anil C. Anand,Monique Andersson,Vic Arendt,O. Baatarkhuu,K. Barclay,Ziv Ben-Ari,Ziv Ben-Ari,Colm Bergin,Fernando Bessone,S. Blach,N. Blokhina,Cheryl Brunton,G. Choudhuri,Vladimir Chulanov,Laura Cisneros,E. A. Croes,Y. A. Dahgwahdorj,Olav Dalgard,Jorge Daruich,N. R. Dashdorj,D. Davaadorj,M. de Vree,Chris Estes,Robert Flisiak,A. C. Gadano,Edward Gane,Waldemar Halota,Angelos Hatzakis,C. Henderson,Patrick Hoffmann,J. Hornell,D. Houlihan,S. Hrusovsky,Peter Jarcuska,David Kershenobich,K. Kostrzewska,Pavol Kristian,Moshe Leshno,Y. Lurie,Adam Mahomed,N. Mamonova,Nahum Méndez-Sánchez,Joël Mossong,E. Nurmukhametova,P. Nymadawa,Marian Oltman,J. Oyunbileg,Ts. Oyunsuren,Georgios Papatheodoridis,N. N. Pimenov,Nishi Prabdial-Sing,Maria Prins,P. Puri,S. Radke,A. Rakhmanova,Homie Razavi,Kathryn Razavi-Shearer,Henk W. Reesink,Ezequiel Ridruejo,Rifaat Safadi,Olga Sagalova,R. Sanduijav,Ivan Schréter,Carole Seguin-Devaux,Samir Shah,I. Shestakova,A. Shevaldin,Oren Shibolet,S. Sokolov,Kyriakos Souliotis,C. W. Spearman,T. Staub,E. A. Strebkova,Daniel Struck,Krzysztof Tomasiewicz,L. Undram,A. J. van der Meer,D. K. van Santen,Irene K. Veldhuijzen,Federico G. Villamil,S.B. Willemse,F. R. Zuure,Marcelo Silva,Vana Sypsa,E. Gower +94 more
TL;DR: In this study of 15 countries, published and unpublished data on HCV prevalence, viraemia, genotype, age and gender distribution, liver transplants and diagnosis and treatment rates were gathered from the literature and validated by expert consensus in each country.
Journal ArticleDOI
Update on occult hepatitis B virus infection
TL;DR: The goal of this review is to evaluate the rate of OBI with a focus on status of high risk groups in different regions of the world.
Journal ArticleDOI
Viral hepatitis in resource-limited countries and access to antiviral therapies: current and future challenges
TL;DR: It is now urgent to face the challenges of better management of chronic hepatitis in resource-poor countries from the perspectives of global health and social justice.
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Risk for occupational transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) associated with clinical exposures. A prospective evaluation.
David K. Henderson,Barbara J. Fahey,Mary E. Willy,James M. Schmitt,Carey K,Deloris E. Koziol,H C Lane,Joan M. Fedio,Alfred J. Saah +8 more
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Organizational climate, staffing, and safety equipment as predictors of needlestick injuries and near-misses in hospital nurses
TL;DR: Nurse staffing and organizational climate are key determinants of needlestick risk and must be considered with the adoption of safety equipment to effectively reduce sharps injuries.
Journal ArticleDOI
Compliance with universal precautions among health care workers at three regional hospitals
Robyn R.M. Gershon,David Vlahov,Sarah A. Felknor,Donald Vesley,Philip C. Johnson,George L. Delcios,Lawrence R. Murphy +6 more
TL;DR: This study supports earlier findings regarding several compliance correlates, but it identifies important new variables, such as the organizational safety climate and perceived conflict of interest, which will probably succeed in facilitating employee compliance.