Low-risk drinking guidelines: the scientific evidence.
Susan J. Bondy,Jürgen Rehm,Mary Jane Ashley,Mary Jane Ashley,Gordon Walsh,Gordon Walsh,Eric Single,Eric Single,Eric Single,Robin Room,Robin Room,Robin Room +11 more
TLDR
The evidence reviewed demonstrated that placing limits on both daily intake and cumulative intake over the typical week is justifiable for the prevention of important causes of morbidity and mortality.Abstract:
In 1997 the Addiction Research Foundation of Ontario and Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse released updated guidelines for low-risk alcohol consumption. This paper presents the scientific rationale behind this statement. Important comprehensive overviews on the consequences of alcohol use were studied. Formal meta-analyses on morbidity and mortality were examined wherever possible. Individual elements from similar guidelines were investigated for their scientific foundation. Limited original analyses defined risk levels by average weekly consumption. The evidence reviewed demonstrated that placing limits on both daily intake and cumulative intake over the typical week is justifiable for the prevention of important causes of morbidity and mortality. Gender-specific limits on weekly consumption were also indicated. In these updated guidelines intended for primary prevention, days of abstinence are not necessarily recommended. Intoxication should be avoided and abstinence is sometimes advisable. Available evidence does not strongly favour one alcoholic beverage over another for cardiovascular health benefits.read more
Citations
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Behavioral Counseling Interventions in Primary Care to Reduce Risky/Harmful Alcohol Use
Evelyn P Whitlock,Carla A. Green,Michael R. Polen,Alfred O. Berg,Jonathan Klein,Albert Siu,C. Tracy Orleans +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identified 12 controlled alcohol intervention trials conducted with general adult patients, 3 with pregnant women, and 1 with adolescents that took place in primary care settings and were of good or fair internal validity according to US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) criteria.
Journal ArticleDOI
Behavioral counseling interventions in Primary care To reduce risky/harmful alcohol use by adults: A summary of the evidence for the U.S. preventive services task force
TL;DR: The assumption underlying brief behavioral counseling interventions in primary care is that, for identified risky or harmful drinkers, reducing overall alcohol consumption or adopting safer drinking patterns will reduce the risk for medical, social, and psychological problems, and little experimental evidence supports this assumption.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pharmacotherapy for Adults With Alcohol Use Disorders in Outpatient Settings A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Daniel E Jonas,Halle R Amick,Cynthia Feltner,Georgiy Bobashev,Kathleen C. Thomas,Roberta Wines,Mimi M. Kim,Mimi M. Kim,Ellen Shanahan,C Elizabeth Gass,Cassandra J Rowe,James C. Garbutt +11 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared acamprosate to naltrexone and found no statistically significant difference between them for return to any drinking (RD, 0.14 to 0.03) or heavy drinking.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gambling and the Health of the Public: Adopting a Public Health Perspective.
David Korn,Howard J. Shaffer +1 more
TL;DR: By understanding gambling and its potential impacts on the public's health, policy makers and health practitioners can minimize gambling's negative impacts and appreciate its potential benefits.
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Universal Precautions in Pain Medicine: A Rational Approach to the Treatment of Chronic Pain
TL;DR: A "universal precautions" approach to the assessment and ongoing management of the chronic pain patient is described and a triage scheme for estimating risk that includes recommendations for management and referral is offered.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Review of moderate alcohol consumption and reduced risk of coronary heart disease: is the effect due to beer, wine, or spirits?
TL;DR: Results from observational studies provide strong evidence that all alcoholic drinks are linked with lower risk, so that much of the benefit is from alcohol rather than other components of each type of drink.
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Alcohol and breast cancer in women: a pooled analysis of cohort studies.
Stephanie A. Smith-Warner,Donna Spiegelman,Shiaw-Shyuan Yaun,P.A. van den Brandt,Aaron R. Folsom,R.A. Goldbohm,Saxon Graham,Lars Holmberg,Geoffrey R. Howe,James R. Marshall,Anthony B. Miller,John D. Potter,Frank E. Speizer,Walter C. Willett,Alicja Wolk,David J. Hunter +15 more
TL;DR: Alcohol consumption is associated with a linear increase in breast cancer incidence in women over the range of consumption reported by most women, and reducing alcohol consumption is a potential means to reduce breast cancer risk.
The quanitification of drug caused morbidity and mortality in Australia: Part 1
Dallas R. English,D'Arcy Holman,Elizabeth Milne,Michael G. Winter,Gary K. Hulse,Jim Codde,C. Bower,Billie Corti,V.P. Dawes,Nicholas de Klerk,Matthew Knuiman,Jennifer J. Kurinczuk,Gill Lewin,G.A. Ryan +13 more
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Relative and Absolute Excess Risks of Coronary Heart Disease among Women Who Smoke Cigarettes
Walter C. Willett,Adèle C. Green,Meir J. Stampfer,Frank E. Speizer,Graham A. Colditz,Bernard Rosner,Richard R. Monson,William B. Stason,Charles H. Hennekens +8 more
TL;DR: The attributable (absolute excess) risk of coronary heart disease due to current smoking was highest among women who were already at increased risk because of older age, a parental history of myocardial infarction, a higher relative weight, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, or diabetes.
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Using alcohol expectancies to predict adolescent drinking behavior after one year.
TL;DR: Results show that five of seven expectancy scores readily discriminated between nonproblem drinkers and those subsequently beginning problem drinking and accounted for a large portion of the variance in a continuous quantity/frequency index and a problem drinking index.
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